Recommendation points
- On what basis to build a hangar
- How to calculate and make arcs
- How to build and install farms
- How and how to sheathe the hangar
We offer you to get acquainted with the instructions that will allow you to build a hangar, optimally distributing money and time. We will tell you about the design of the trusses used, the main stages of construction, materials, construction technology and the general principles of creating such structures..
On what basis to build a hangar
Even if the hangar covers a significant area, it remains a lightweight structure and does not exert significant pressure on the ground. But due to the peculiarities of the configuration, not only vertical, but also lateral loads act on the foundation, especially if the structure has an arched device.
From the snow accumulated on the roof, the load increases by 2–2.5 times, which is why the bases of the arches seem to “move apart”. If an ordinary MZLF is cast under the hangar, which is quite acceptable according to the load standards, it will be twisted outward. This not only causes increased mobility of the building, but over time leads to the destruction of reinforced concrete.
There are two ways to compensate for such loads:
- Casting pillars (piles) with a depth of 1.7-2.2 m and a thickness of 25-35 cm at the base of each arch and a bundle of tops with a grillage.
- A bundle of tape belts across the hangar with a pitch of 3.5-5 meters.
The optimal method is determined from considerations of material consumption, here the width of the hangar is of key importance. According to the dimensions of the section of the hangar in the lower part, determine what more concrete will be used for pouring: pillars or several armored belts.
However, the task is not particularly acute if the hangar is installed on a monolithic slab that serves as a floor for heavy vehicles to run over. In this case, the ribs are placed along the installation lines of the arched trusses, the floor is additionally reinforced with longitudinal ribs every 1.5–2.5 meters.
In any case, the foundation should form a closed loop around the perimeter, preventing the flow of water from precipitation inside. This is important even if the floor is loose. When filling the pillars, it is imperative to ensure the ligation with the reinforcement of the grillage, and the device of the latter must be accompanied by the laying of anchors protruding by 20-25 cm for fastening the trusses.
The foundation is necessarily surrounded by a blind area; when poured into concrete, asbestos-cement pipes that are loose along the length are immersed, serving as gutters for the outflow of rain and melt water. It is also recommended to carry out work on the installation of the floor, digging and installation of inspection pits and basements before installing the metal frame.
How to calculate and make arcs
Usually, for the construction of a hangar, arches are purchased in advance. These can be both old parts of the frame of arched greenhouses, and special metal structures for direct use. Manufacturers offer hangar arches with a width of 6 to 25 meters, as well as all other details: posts, crossbars, connecting gussets and lathing segments.
Farms of this size and complexity are often unnecessary in private construction, and their delivery to the site is not always justified. In addition, the temptation is great to make arches yourself from more affordable metal products. In this case, you cannot do without a good-quality pipe bender, basic knowledge of strength materials and experience in working with structural steel. It is not recommended to independently make arches with a base length of more than 9 meters, there is a high risk of incorrectly calculating the load.
The arches are in the form of two arcs, representing half a full circle or a third of it if the vault is installed on walls 1.5–2 meters high. It is more convenient to make trusses in segments, based on the length of the available rolled stock, and then weld together. But first, you need to correctly determine the main chord (the length of the base of the arch) and the intermediate chords (the base of each segment). For reference: the chord is the sum of the cutting radii multiplied by the sine of half the angle between them.
For example, let’s take a third arch with a main chord of 6.5 meters. The full angle of the circle is 360 °, its third is 120 °, half of the third is 60 °. Dividing the main chord (6.5 m) by the sine of this angle (0.866), we get the diameter of the whole circle ~ 750.5 cm and the length of the full circle 23.58 m.We are interested in a third of this length – 786 cm, that is, with the existing molding of pipes in 4 m, it would be reasonable to make an arch from two segments. Performing the calculations again in the reverse order, we find out that for each segment with an arc length of 393 cm (1/6 of a circle) the chord will be 375 cm.This means that the pipe must be evenly bent into an arc until the distance between its edges becomes equal to the chord length.
The arched truss consists of two arches. The inner one is calculated and manufactured in the same way, it is enough to subtract the thickness of the truss from the radius of the circle. In a more simplified version, the inner arc has the same bend radius, but is shortened, thus the arch has a variable thickness, in the lower part it is narrower and corresponds to the standard value. Which one? It is determined by the distributed load, pipe thickness and truss pitch. In general, for a base width of 5 to 9 meters, the minimum distance between the arcs will increase, respectively, from 17 to 35 cm.
The main question is: what to make the trusses from? Steel pipes are best suited to GOST 10704-91 (round) or GOST 8639-82 (square). The calculation method is quite complicated and depends on regional characteristics, here we will give only approximate values with a sufficiently high reliability coefficient:
Base width Pipe thickness Wall thickness Step between farms 4.5 m 28 mm 2.2 mm 2.25 m 6 m 32 mm 2.5 mm 2.1 m 7.5 m 32 mm 3 mm 1.7 m 9 m 51 mm 3.2 mm 2 m How to build and install farms
When making arcs, there is no need to adhere to strict dimensions, it is only important that all segments are the same. First, for a reliable joining inside the pipes, you need to weld in short sections of pipes, the outer diameter of which corresponds to the nominal passage of the arcs.
Further, the segments of the outer and inner arcs must be laid out on a flat area, on which the edge stops are placed – a kind of template. When the arcs are located at the required distance from each other, they are connected by oblique bridges located at an angle of 45-60 ° to the tangent inner arc and a step of about 40-60 cm. The upper ends of the bridges do not have to converge on the outer arc.
As practice shows, the installation of metal structures with a base of up to 9 meters is quite realistic to carry out by a team of 3-4 people. This is done like this:
- Two cords are tied to the top of the farm, loose in both directions at four ends of 8-10 meters.
- Two people support the trusses at the base and attach them to the foundation pads.
- Two more pull up the cable, raising the truss vertically.
- The opposite ends of the cable are tied as insurance with the expectation of a small blockage of the farm.
Fastening can be done by welding or bolting with sheet steel gussets welded to the embedded gussets. The easiest way to adjust the verticality is by a plumb line tied to the top and a cord stretched between the truss bases. It is convenient to temporarily fix all subsequent trusses using fixed-length angle pieces with reinforcement “horns” welded at the ends.
After installing the trusses, they are fastened together with a longitudinal crate, most often made of a wooden beam, the thickness of which is 15 mm more than the diameter of the pipes used. First, 15–20 mm pieces of angle steel with a 3–3.5 mm wall are screwed to the timber with self-tapping screws. Then the crate assembly is applied horizontally to the arches, grab the corners, unscrew the beam and scald the brackets thoroughly.
How and how to sheathe the hangar
The installation of the longitudinal sheathing should be carried out with a step that allows laying sheathing sheets of existing sizes, while maintaining an overlap of 15-20 cm. A profiled sheet could serve as a good option for sheathing, but it almost does not bend in the longitudinal direction, therefore it is suitable only for large radii of arches and only with an inclined arrangement of stiffeners.
For sewing the front parts, the profiled sheet is quite applicable if you first assemble a lightweight cross frame under it, fixed to the strip foundation and the extreme arched truss. At the same time, openings for glazing are usually made in the rear front wall, and in the front, two powerful steel channel posts are installed for hanging the gate.
The lining of the vault should be done from the bottom up with a corrugated profiled sheet or flat roofing iron. For long-term operation, the thickness of the metal should be at least 0.7 mm, the galvanized layer – 30 microns or more. Steel sheets with a polymer coating are more reliable, but their price is also higher. At the end of the sheathing, the last two rows of sheets have a wide overlap on top of each other so that the edges are below the level of the upper point of the arch.
Along the top of the hangar, paired L-shaped brackets with a lining of wide washers made of chamber rubber are attached to the trusses by means of bolts. They are intended for the installation of a gangway, which will allow you to clean off the accumulated snow and carry out minor repairs.
What are the key points one should consider when constructing a hangar using metal structures?
What are the key points to consider when constructing a hangar from metal structures?
When constructing a hangar from metal structures, there are several key points to consider. Firstly, it is important to have a detailed plan and design that takes into account the specific requirements of the hangar, such as size, height, and load capacity. Secondly, the choice of high-quality materials is crucial to ensure the durability and strength of the structure. The metal used should be resistant to corrosion, weather conditions, and fire. Additionally, the construction process should follow all safety regulations and standards, including proper grounding and insulation to prevent any electrical hazards. It is also important to consider the hangar’s functionality by including features like proper ventilation, lighting, and access points for equipment and vehicles. Lastly, careful consideration should be given to the cost and budget of the project, including any necessary permits, maintenance, and operational expenses. Overall, a well-planned and properly constructed metal hangar will provide a safe and efficient space for various purposes.
When constructing a hangar from metal structures, there are several key points to consider. Firstly, it is important to ensure that the design and materials used are strong enough to support the weight of the aircraft being stored. This includes factors such as wind and snow loads, as well as any potential environmental risks.
Secondly, proper ventilation and insulation are crucial to maintaining a safe and comfortable environment inside the hangar. This can help prevent condensation, corrosion, and other damaging effects of moisture.
Additionally, fire safety measures should be taken into account when constructing a metal hangar. This may include the installation of fire-resistant materials, sprinkler systems, and adequate exits for emergency situations.
Lastly, the layout and size of the hangar should be carefully planned to accommodate the specific needs of the aircraft being stored, as well as any other equipment or tools that may be necessary for maintenance and operations. By considering these key points, a metal hangar can be constructed that is safe, functional, and efficient for its intended use.