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Designations of paints and varnishes

This WordPress post discusses the various designations, advantages, and unique qualities of paints and varnishes. It explains that these designations serve as a quality rating and determine the appropriate use of the product. It further highlights that quality marks are assigned and accredited by organizations such as the British Standards Institute (BSI) which give assurance on the quality of the product. A comparison of the different classes discloses that more expensive paints and varnishes are usually more durable and offer improved performance, making them advantageous for a range of applications. Furthermore, it also underscores the importance of reading the label before making a purchase to ensure selection of the most suitable product.

The names (brands) of paints and varnishes are unified. At the beginning of the brand, two letters are put, denoting a film-like base.

After the letters, one or two numbers are placed, which indicate the scope:

1 – weatherproof,
2 – resistant indoors,
3 – for the preservation of metal products,
4 – resistant to hot water,
5 – special (for leather, rubber, etc.),
6 – resistant to oil products,
7 – resistant to aggressive environments,
8 – heat-resistant,
9 – electrical insulating,
0 – varnish, primer, semi-finished product,
00 – putty.

The application number is followed by the paint serial number..

For example, KO-1112 is an enamel in which the film-forming base is a silicon-organic resin, weatherproof, serial number 112; lacquer NTs-228 – nitrocellulose base, resistant indoors, serial number 28; varnish BT-577 – bitumen base, pitch, special, serial number 77.

Ready-to-use oil paints are not marked according to the rules adopted for all paints and varnishes. For example, the brand “Paint MA-15, blue” is deciphered as follows: oil paint, blue, for outdoor use (number 1) on a combined drying oil (number 5). If the first digit is 2, this means that the paint is used only for interior work. The second number speaks of the drying oil on which the paint is prepared: 1 – natural drying oil, 2 – oxol, 3 – glyphthalic oil, 4 – pentaphthalic oil and 5 – combined drying oil.

To indicate thickly rubbed paints, a zero is added before the first digit, the rest of the numbers have the same meaning as for ready-to-use paints.

Designation: AD
Film-forming base: Polyamides

Designation: AK
Film-forming base: Polyacrylates

Designation: АС
Film-forming base: Polyacryl copolymers

Designation: AC
Film-forming base: cellulose acetate

Designation: BT
Film-forming base: Bitumen and pitches

Designation: VA
Film-forming base: Polyvinyl acetals

Designation: VL
Film-forming base: Polyvinylbuterals

Designation: VN
Film-forming base: Vinyls and vinyl acetates

Designation: ВС
Film-forming base: Copolymers of polyvinyl acetal

Designation: ГФ
Film-forming base: Glyphthal resins

Designation: IR
Film-forming base: idiencumarone resins

Designation: QC
Film-forming base: Rosin

Designation: KO
Film-forming base: Organosilicon resins

Designation: KP
Film-forming base: Copal

Designation: KS
Film-forming base: Carbinol copolymers

Designation: KCH
Film-forming base: Rubbers

Designation: MA
Film-forming base: Vegetable oils

Designation: ML
Film-forming base: Melominoalkides

Designation: MS
Film-forming base: Alkyd and oil-based

Designation: МЧ
Film-forming base: Urea-formaldehyde resins

Designation: NC
Film-forming base: Nitrocellulose

Designation: PF
Film-forming base: Pentophthalic resins

Designation: Pe
Film-forming base: Saturated polyesters

Designation: UR
Film-forming base: Polyurethanes

Designation: FA
Film-forming base: Phenolalkides

Designation: FL
Film-forming base: Cresol-formaldehyde

Designation: FM
Film-forming base: Fsnol-oil resins

Designation: FP
Film-forming base: Fluoroplastics

Designation: ХВ
Film-forming base: Poly- and perchlorovinyls

Designation: XC
Film-forming base: Vinyl chloride copolymers

Designation: SHL
Film-forming base: Shellac

Designation: EP
Film-forming base: Epoxy resins

Designation: ET
Film-forming base: Polyethylene and polyisobutylene

Designation: EF
Film-forming base: Epoxy ester resins

Designation: EC
Film-forming base: Ethyl cellulose

Designation: YAN
Film-forming base: Amber

Solvents and thinners

The main purpose of these materials is to dissolve and dilute paints and varnishes. Knowing the composition and purpose of solvents and thinners, you can successfully use them for other purposes, for example, for the manufacture of adhesives, degreasing materials, etc..

Simple solvents

Acetone – dissolves natural resins, oils, polystyrene, epoxy resins, vinyl chloride copolymers, polyacrylates, chlorinated rubber.

Petrol (“Galosha”, B-70) dissolves rubbers, hot – polyethylene.

Benzene dissolves oils, fats, waxes, rubbers, cellulose ethers, some organosilicon resins, hot polyethylene.

Butyl acetate dissolves cellulose ethers, oils, fats, chlorinated rubber, vinyl copolymers, carbinol resins.

Dichloroethane dissolves dammaru, cou-maron, vinyl polymers, acrylates, polystyrene.

Xylene dissolves alkyd styrene and divinyl acetylene (Etinol varnish) polymers.

Methyl acetate – analogue of acetone.

Methyl alcohol (methanol) dissolves cellulose nitrates, polyvinyl acetate, novolac resins.

Turpentine dissolves copal, dammaru, rosin. Thinner for oil, alcohol-based and epoxy paints (varnishes).

Solvent dissolves oils, bitumens, rubbers, urea-formaldehyde oligomers, tetrophthalic acid polyesters, polyesteramides and polyetherimides.

Toluene dissolves shellac, copal, cellulose esters, polystyrene, organosilicon resins. In a mixture with other solvents (it is the main component) it dissolves epoxy, vinyl and acrylate polymers, chlorinated rubber, lean alkyds. Dissolves polyethylene while hot.

White Spirit (heavy fraction of gasolines) dissolves fatty alkyds, butyl and cyclo rubber, polybutyl methacrylate, epoxy esters.

Cyclohexane dissolves ethyl cellulose, oils, fats, waxes, rubbers.

Cyclohexanone dissolves cellulose esters, fats, oils, most natural and synthetic polymers, polyurethane.

Ethyl acetate dissolves most polymers.

Ethyl cellosolve dissolves urea formaldehyde oligomers, carbinol resins, polyvinyl formaldehyde (vinylflex).

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Comments: 5
  1. Oakley

    What are the different designations of paints and varnishes? How do they affect the purpose or application of these products?

    Reply
  2. Skylar

    What are some common designations used for different types of paints and varnishes? Are there specific codes or labels that distinguish between them?

    Reply
  3. Marigold

    What are the different designations of paints and varnishes? Can you explain the various types and their specific uses? I’m interested in understanding the differences between them and which one would be suitable for certain surfaces or applications.

    Reply
  4. Clara Palmer

    What are the different types of designations used for paints and varnishes? How do they differ from each other and what do these designations indicate about the product?

    Reply
    1. John Holmes

      The different types of designations used for paints and varnishes typically indicate the purpose or specific use of the product. For example, paint designations such as matte, satin, or gloss refer to the level of sheen or shine the paint will have once dried. Other designations may include primers, sealers, or undercoats which are used as a base layer before applying the final coat of paint. Varnishes are often labeled as interior, exterior, or marine-grade to indicate where they can be used and their level of durability. These designations help consumers choose the right product for their specific needs and ensure the desired result when painting or finishing a surface.

      Reply
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