The names (brands) of paints and varnishes are unified. At the beginning of the brand, two letters are put, denoting a film-like base.
After the letters, one or two numbers are placed, which indicate the scope:
1 – weatherproof,
2 – resistant indoors,
3 – for the preservation of metal products,
4 – resistant to hot water,
5 – special (for leather, rubber, etc.),
6 – resistant to oil products,
7 – resistant to aggressive environments,
8 – heat-resistant,
9 – electrical insulating,
0 – varnish, primer, semi-finished product,
00 – putty.
The application number is followed by the paint serial number..
For example, KO-1112 is an enamel in which the film-forming base is a silicon-organic resin, weatherproof, serial number 112; lacquer NTs-228 – nitrocellulose base, resistant indoors, serial number 28; varnish BT-577 – bitumen base, pitch, special, serial number 77.
Ready-to-use oil paints are not marked according to the rules adopted for all paints and varnishes. For example, the brand “Paint MA-15, blue” is deciphered as follows: oil paint, blue, for outdoor use (number 1) on a combined drying oil (number 5). If the first digit is 2, this means that the paint is used only for interior work. The second number speaks of the drying oil on which the paint is prepared: 1 – natural drying oil, 2 – oxol, 3 – glyphthalic oil, 4 – pentaphthalic oil and 5 – combined drying oil.
To indicate thickly rubbed paints, a zero is added before the first digit, the rest of the numbers have the same meaning as for ready-to-use paints.
Designation: AD
Film-forming base: Polyamides
Designation: AK
Film-forming base: Polyacrylates
Designation: АС
Film-forming base: Polyacryl copolymers
Designation: AC
Film-forming base: cellulose acetate
Designation: BT
Film-forming base: Bitumen and pitches
Designation: VA
Film-forming base: Polyvinyl acetals
Designation: VL
Film-forming base: Polyvinylbuterals
Designation: VN
Film-forming base: Vinyls and vinyl acetates
Designation: ВС
Film-forming base: Copolymers of polyvinyl acetal
Designation: ГФ
Film-forming base: Glyphthal resins
Designation: IR
Film-forming base: idiencumarone resins
Designation: QC
Film-forming base: Rosin
Designation: KO
Film-forming base: Organosilicon resins
Designation: KP
Film-forming base: Copal
Designation: KS
Film-forming base: Carbinol copolymers
Designation: KCH
Film-forming base: Rubbers
Designation: MA
Film-forming base: Vegetable oils
Designation: ML
Film-forming base: Melominoalkides
Designation: MS
Film-forming base: Alkyd and oil-based
Designation: МЧ
Film-forming base: Urea-formaldehyde resins
Designation: NC
Film-forming base: Nitrocellulose
Designation: PF
Film-forming base: Pentophthalic resins
Designation: Pe
Film-forming base: Saturated polyesters
Designation: UR
Film-forming base: Polyurethanes
Designation: FA
Film-forming base: Phenolalkides
Designation: FL
Film-forming base: Cresol-formaldehyde
Designation: FM
Film-forming base: Fsnol-oil resins
Designation: FP
Film-forming base: Fluoroplastics
Designation: ХВ
Film-forming base: Poly- and perchlorovinyls
Designation: XC
Film-forming base: Vinyl chloride copolymers
Designation: SHL
Film-forming base: Shellac
Designation: EP
Film-forming base: Epoxy resins
Designation: ET
Film-forming base: Polyethylene and polyisobutylene
Designation: EF
Film-forming base: Epoxy ester resins
Designation: EC
Film-forming base: Ethyl cellulose
Designation: YAN
Film-forming base: Amber
Solvents and thinners
The main purpose of these materials is to dissolve and dilute paints and varnishes. Knowing the composition and purpose of solvents and thinners, you can successfully use them for other purposes, for example, for the manufacture of adhesives, degreasing materials, etc..
Simple solvents
Acetone – dissolves natural resins, oils, polystyrene, epoxy resins, vinyl chloride copolymers, polyacrylates, chlorinated rubber.
Petrol (“Galosha”, B-70) dissolves rubbers, hot – polyethylene.
Benzene dissolves oils, fats, waxes, rubbers, cellulose ethers, some organosilicon resins, hot polyethylene.
Butyl acetate dissolves cellulose ethers, oils, fats, chlorinated rubber, vinyl copolymers, carbinol resins.
Dichloroethane dissolves dammaru, cou-maron, vinyl polymers, acrylates, polystyrene.
Xylene dissolves alkyd styrene and divinyl acetylene (Etinol varnish) polymers.
Methyl acetate – analogue of acetone.
Methyl alcohol (methanol) dissolves cellulose nitrates, polyvinyl acetate, novolac resins.
Turpentine dissolves copal, dammaru, rosin. Thinner for oil, alcohol-based and epoxy paints (varnishes).
Solvent dissolves oils, bitumens, rubbers, urea-formaldehyde oligomers, tetrophthalic acid polyesters, polyesteramides and polyetherimides.
Toluene dissolves shellac, copal, cellulose esters, polystyrene, organosilicon resins. In a mixture with other solvents (it is the main component) it dissolves epoxy, vinyl and acrylate polymers, chlorinated rubber, lean alkyds. Dissolves polyethylene while hot.
White Spirit (heavy fraction of gasolines) dissolves fatty alkyds, butyl and cyclo rubber, polybutyl methacrylate, epoxy esters.
Cyclohexane dissolves ethyl cellulose, oils, fats, waxes, rubbers.
Cyclohexanone dissolves cellulose esters, fats, oils, most natural and synthetic polymers, polyurethane.
Ethyl acetate dissolves most polymers.
Ethyl cellosolve dissolves urea formaldehyde oligomers, carbinol resins, polyvinyl formaldehyde (vinylflex).
What are the different designations of paints and varnishes? How do they affect the purpose or application of these products?
What are some common designations used for different types of paints and varnishes? Are there specific codes or labels that distinguish between them?
What are the different designations of paints and varnishes? Can you explain the various types and their specific uses? I’m interested in understanding the differences between them and which one would be suitable for certain surfaces or applications.
What are the different types of designations used for paints and varnishes? How do they differ from each other and what do these designations indicate about the product?
The different types of designations used for paints and varnishes typically indicate the purpose or specific use of the product. For example, paint designations such as matte, satin, or gloss refer to the level of sheen or shine the paint will have once dried. Other designations may include primers, sealers, or undercoats which are used as a base layer before applying the final coat of paint. Varnishes are often labeled as interior, exterior, or marine-grade to indicate where they can be used and their level of durability. These designations help consumers choose the right product for their specific needs and ensure the desired result when painting or finishing a surface.