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Applied Geodesy. How to understand the estimate

Applied Geodesy is a concept that has been gaining recognition in the field of land surveying. It helps surveyors understand the exact nature of the estimated value of measurements. It offers a number of advantages, such as the ability to compare the accuracy of various survey readings, improved accuracy in large-scale surveys, and more precise data aggregation. Applied Geodesy is also highly cost- and time-effective, enabling surveyors to quickly complete their tasks. Its distinctive quality of accuracy ensures that results are reliable and trustworthy.

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The issue of saving money at any time is relevant. When we receive a document for payment, we unconditionally believe what we have written. But in every at first glance, correctly drawn up invoice or estimate, there may be a “pitfall” or a process, the need for which is under a very big question.

Applied Geodesy. How to understand the estimate

Articles from our series “Applied Geodesy” gave you an overview of the industry and the work performed. There are some things you can do yourself, but most of the processes should be entrusted to specialists. It is the question of reading and checking estimates for geodetic work that will be covered in this note..

Where to begin

The basis of any work is a technical task. It is in it that you prescribe with the contractor not only the timing of the work and the responsibilities of the parties, but also indicate additional requirements, which will then be included in the estimate. And here we need to decide – why do we need such work?

You need a project to build a residential building and connect it to city communications. In this case, the work is carried out in the state system of coordinates and heights, passing a number of necessary approvals. Here you cannot do without a licensed specialist or company, and the contract and estimate will become a supporting document when resolving controversial issues.

You want to make a site layout or axle layout for building a light building. This work can be done independently by studying the articles of our cycle, or by inviting a specialist directly, bypassing the bureaucratic red tape. Surveying can be carried out in a conventional coordinate system, and the result obtained will meet all legal requirements no worse than an official work.

When ordering work, you must study the order of prices in your region. Initial data for budgeting:

  • location
  • purpose of the work
  • shooting area
  • period of execution

Let’s take an estimate template as an example and try to figure out what we can save on and which processes we don’t need at all.

ESTIMATE
to perform topographic and geodetic works
SBC-2004. Approved and put into effect by Decree of the State Construction Committee of Russia No. 213 of December 23, 2003
Justification stand. Name of works One. rev.
p. 107, v. 81, p. 4 Collecting data about the topographic base 1 object
Manufacturing and laying of geodetic marks
vol. 46, item 10 Item SS (filming net – metal pin or tube on concrete) 1 character
vol. 46, item 11 Work points: metal tubes, pins, dowels, nails, etc.. 1 character
Creation of filming justification
Determining GPS points 1 point
p.74, v.47, p.1 Positioning of the anchored theodolite moves 0.6 miles
p.74, v.47, p.3 Technical leveling (traverse referencing) 0.6 miles
p. 24, vol. 9 Creation of engineering-topographic plans M 1: 500, cross-section of the relief with contour lines every 0.5 m
Updating of engineering and topographic plans M 1: 500, cross-section of the relief with contour lines every 0.5 m
p. 24, vol. 9 undeveloped area 1 ha
built-up area 1 ha
industrial sites 1 ha
Plan-high-altitude points fixing
p.75, v.48, p.1 up to 50 m from the shooting point 1 point
p.75, v.48, p.2 over 100 m from the shooting point 1 point
Executive survey of engineering communications
p.63, v.37 Survey of exits of underground structures 1 point
p.63, v.37 Filming of aboveground structures 1 point
p.63, v.37 Leveling the exits of underground structures 1 point
p.63, v.37 Leveling overground structures 1 point
p.64, v.39 Compilation of a description of underground and aboveground structures 1 well
p.64, v.39 Compilation of a description of underground and aboveground structures opened by pits 1 point
p.66, v.40 Survey of underground utilities using a cable detector 1 point
Cameral work
Other costs

1. Collecting data about the topographic base

Any work begins with an acquaintance with the object. The specialist needs to understand where the surveyed area is, which nearest points of the state geodetic network should be used, what is the estimated distance from the enterprise base to the object, and other data. If you have several plots, accordingly, the estimate should include the required number of objects. In the case when you have two survey sites, there is a distance of 250 meters between them, and the estimate contains “1 object”, this means that 250 meters between the sites you do not need are included in the cost of work.

The cost of work is influenced by the coefficient, which takes into account the density of the soil into which the point will be fixed:

  • light uncoated soil
  • asphalt, medium hard soil
  • concrete pavement

2. Manufacturing and laying of geodetic marks

Laying the theodolite course, competent specialists secure the survey points (SS) and work points. It is likely that after the survey, you will need to perform a number of works on the site, namely, setting out the boundaries or executive survey of communications. To do this, the performer will again have to lay a theodolite course, which will undoubtedly be reflected in the final cost of the work..

Applied Geodesy. How to understand the estimate

So if you have this item in the initial estimate, and after a couple of months it will be included in the estimate again, hand the contractor a shovel and offer to find the items for which you have already paid money. The shelf life of wooden stakes is 3 months, and metal pipes or dowels – until the metal is destroyed. As you understand, if the destruction of the items happened through your fault, their bookmark will be repeated, but at your expense.

3. Creation of filming justification

To survey the territory, the performer needs to lay a theodolite path or use the capabilities of satellite geodesy. And at this stage, you need to be very careful, especially in the case of GPS. Unobtrusively ask the performer – how old is his instrument this year? If the company owns modern GPS, which allows getting the coordinates of points in real time, everything is fine. If the instrument is 10 years old, and the survey area is built up and surrounded by tall trees, measurement errors are possible, which may come up at the most inopportune moment after the work has been completed.

Applied Geodesy. How to understand the estimate

The number of starting points according to regulatory documents from which the survey justification will be created must be at least 3, two GPS points are allowed, one is the initial, the second is control, but if there are more or less of them in the estimate, it is worth asking a question to the designer.

If your site is surrounded by tall buildings, it makes sense to use the methods of “classical” geodesy – ask the contractor to work with an electronic total station from polygonometry points.

Let’s consider the most typical cases with examples:

a) “Hanging” theodolite course.

Applied Geodesy. How to understand the estimate

The most unreliable method of shooting, in which it is difficult to control the obtained values. Here “PP 1 and 2” are the initial points of polygonometry, “hanging 1” is the point of the hanging path, the lines show the directions of measurements. It is allowed to lay no more than two such points. If the performer has recorded two starting points in the survey estimate, ask if he is going to work from the move, which literally “hangs in the air”?

b) Closed theodolite course.

Applied Geodesy. How to understand the estimate

As can be seen from the schematic drawing, in this case the performer controls the obtained values, which allows him to be confident in the quality of the work performed. Another option for a controlled move involves the use of four points with known coordinates:

Applied Geodesy. How to understand the estimate

As you can imagine, the performer should ideally use at least two starting points, and preferably three or four. If the estimate says otherwise, it is possible cheating or incompetence of the performer.

4. Creation / updating of engineering and topographic plans

These two processes are interconnected, but you only have to pay for one of them..

Creation is shooting “from scratch” of the territory. Suitable for new objects, i.e. those that have been significantly rebuilt, or which were filmed a dozen years ago. In general, topography is relevant for a year. During this time, changes could have occurred, for which it is enough to update the engineering and topographic plans. The performer is provided with the original of the topographic survey of a year ago, on which he makes the difference in measurements in an instrumental way. If you have provided the material, or the contractor has it, and the estimate contains “the creation of engineering and topographic plans”, it makes sense to offer the contractor to simply update the existing survey. Accordingly, the price for this type of work will be much lower.

The work cost is influenced by the congestion of the territory. The easiest option is an undeveloped plot outside the village. From two points determined by GPS observations, all the work can be done. The built-up area implies an increase in the number of survey points, and the industrial site is generally an object of increased danger. Constantly moving machines and mechanisms do not contribute to fruitful work, it is possible to destroy survey points and create obstacles for measurements.

Applied Geodesy. How to understand the estimate

5. Planned-high-altitude points fixing

The principle applies here: “the more we hand over, the better”, but up to a certain point. The norms define the number of points per survey area plus places that fall out of the picture. It is impossible to predict this indicator, but you should know that 8 survey points per square 50×50 meters are enough for undeveloped territory, plus places of relief changes. Usually this serves as a place for “adjusting” the estimated cost of work to the needs of the customer, but in any case, you need to know the norms.

6. Executive survey of engineering communications

This term refers to the survey of already laid networks. If this indicator was already included in the initial cost of the work, you do not need to order a separate topographic survey to put the object into operation.

Here it is necessary to note a number of points that affect the cost of work. Ideally, all communications should have a binding passport, copies of which are deposited with the architecture authority, the customer, and remain with the contractor. In practice, it is not possible to understand where the communication takes place without drilling control holes in the ground, called “pits”.

One of the solutions to the problem is to use a locator. This device structurally consists of two parts: a generator, which is connected to the required core of a cable or pipe, and a receiver, which catches the generated signal under the ground..

At this stage of work, it is not worth saving – the communication certificate does not always reflect the real situation. Do not forget that damage to the main pipe entails various kinds of responsibility, so you should not trust the filming materials of previous years. Order instrumental control of underground networks, so that later you can be sure that you will not leave an entire microdistrict without water or gas.

7. Office work

This tricky term means processing the received values. Plans of the area, underground and aboveground structures are drawn up, profiles are drawn and a catalog of coordinates is formed. It makes sense to pay attention to the end result – what do you get your hands on? The result of the work should be a topographic plan on a scale of 1: 500 with the application of engineering networks. If you need an electronic version of the document, ask in which program it was created. The fact is that standard image editors of the operating system do not always understand the format of the data produced by specialized software used in geodesy..

Applied Geodesy. How to understand the estimate

8. Other costs

Everything that was not included in the estimate will be displayed in this section. The main indicator is transportation costs, travel expenses for performers and the coefficient of work complexity. The further the enterprise base is from the object of work, the more voluminous the overhead costs will be.

In this place, the main nuance is buried – who to entrust the shooting, local experts or invited “stars”. There can be one criterion – recommendations, personal communication and knowledge gained after reading our article. It is not always where it is cheaper – better, especially when it comes to geodesy issues. You rarely order this kind of work, so you should pay attention to the estimate that you are offered to sign.

If an organization is ready to rent 20 hectares per day with a theodolite, using two polygonometry points, it is clearly not worth ordering work from such people. Processes of work that you do not need are talking about budget cheating, or even fraud. So remember: forewarned is forearmed.

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Comments: 1
  1. Gabriel Wright

    Of uncertainties in geodetic measurements?

    Reply
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