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How to choose high-quality PVC windows: fittings

This post outlines helpful advice on how to choose high-quality PVC windows, including the necessary fittings. It recommends looking at various factors when selecting windows, such as energy efficiency, robustness, and soundproofing. It also claims to offer the best solution for the fittings of each window type. The information provided may be especially helpful for those who wish to purchase PVC windows that are both attractive and durable. With the right fitting, it is possible to acquire windows that are energy efficient, provide sound insulation, and endure extreme weather conditions.

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When it comes to PVC windows, we usually think of a plastic frame and clear glazing. Therefore, we usually choose windows according to the manufacturer of the profile system, at best, paired with a certain glass unit. But there is one more, no less important element of a modern window – fittings. This inconspicuous worker rarely comes into our field of vision, while its importance for the efficiency and reliability of windows can hardly be overestimated..

How to choose high quality PVC windows. Part 3: fittings

You can order products from the highest quality profile, fill them with the warmest double-glazed window, but if the fittings cannot ensure sufficient tightness of the vestibule, then drafts and freezing simply cannot be avoided. Failure of fittings sometimes causes the sash to jam in one of the positions, or, on the contrary, to fall out, which causes destruction and injury to people. Probably needless to say, such windows become the secret dream of any burglar..

Experts say that low-quality (or improperly selected, installed) fittings are among the leading causes of complaints from citizens dissatisfied with windows. It’s good if, when placing an order, the manufacturer of translucent structures invites us to choose fittings, highlights the main pros and cons of various options. But sometimes the manufacturers of plastic windows prefer to complete their “products” with the cheapest fittings by default, just to attract the client to make a purchase. Unfortunately, counterfeit products and outright “china” are still in use in the post-Soviet space, but you just need to bypass it, you just need to want to identify it (pay attention to the name, read the certificates …). But not everything is so launched: world brands (Europe, USA, Canada, Scandinavia) compete in our market, and there are also quite solid Turkish and Eastern European fittings. Factories of famous German companies are gradually opening in Russia. Here you will have to delve into the details, since the range is impressive.

How fittings work

Nowadays fittings are not just hinges and latches, but a high-tech multifunctional mechanism, consisting of several dozen parts. Everything is subordinated to solving the main tasks that should be voiced:

  • opening / closing of the movable sash (the main point is high-quality clamping, tightness in the area of ​​the vestibule);
  • provision of air exchange in the premises (various modes of ventilation);
  • protection against unauthorized entry from outside (anti-burglary elements);
  • protection against accidental opening and barrier to penetration from the inside to the outside (children, pets).

The main idea of ​​the new fittings is to abandon the use of vents and transoms that cover the light opening with their profiles, and to make a large sash movable, which is almost equal in size to the dimensions of the window. The design and working capabilities of modern hardware for aluminum, wood and plastic windows are approximately the same. Moreover, if blocks of aluminum profiles are equipped with their own fittings (there is simply a different configuration of the installation groove), then for windows made of wood and PVC it ​​is almost identical, there are differences only in the design of the hinges.

How to choose high quality PVC windows. Part 3: fittings

In all cases, the fittings are inserted into a special fitting groove at the end of the sash and mechanically fixed there. It surrounds the sash in a circle, thus distributing the load over the entire length of the bearing profiles. On the window frame, hinges and striking plates are mounted, which receive and hold the locking pins. The hardware of all manufacturers consists of several special modules that make up the basic mechanical kit that provides all the basic movements of the window sash (we will tell you what options are available literally in the next section). For example, the most popular tilt-and-turn hardware consists of four module assemblies:

  • the main locking mechanism-drive, on which the handle is mounted, controls all units;
  • upper hinge group – serves to secure the top of the sash to the frame, connects to the scissor arm;
  • lower hinge group – fixes the bottom of the sash to the frame, serves as a support when open;
  • module for transmitting motion through the corner, corner switches are flexible plates made of spring steel, enveloping the corners of the sash (they are not connected to each other, but work together and communicate movement from the handle further along the sash perimeter).

The hardware modules are connected by gears in the form of ribbons, the elements are engaged by toothed combs available on all elements. The best from the point of view of reliability (and ease of assembly) is considered to be fittings, in which there are fewer individual parts, it is preferable if they are part of the modules. However, in addition to the obligatory modular base, there are also additional details and mechanisms that usually add a number of functionalities to windows, now they are the personification of innovation in a long-studied business. We will also talk about them further..

Usually the assembly of the “correct” fittings can be done both manually and on automatic lines. We also note unprecedented unification for our time (this rarely happens) – on a window made from any profile system, you can install accessories from any manufacturer, in the most extreme case, use special adaptive pads.

How to choose high quality PVC windows. Part 3: fittings

So, the principle of operation: by turning one handle, flat rods and, accordingly, locking elements (pins) are set in motion, which enter the grooves of the reciprocating plates and, engaging, press the sash against the frame porch. There are usually three or more locking points, they are located on different sides of the sash.

In swing-out systems, in tilt mode, engagement appears in a special locking plate, which is located on the frame at the bottom (on the side opposite to that where the hinge is located). At the same time, the scissor arm connected to the upper hinge is disconnected, the sash is released from the upper hinge and moves away from the frame until the scissors are pulled out. Thus, in the open position, 3 points of support are obtained – the lower hinge, the hinged locking plate and the scissor arm.

Classification of fittings by type of sash movement

It is necessary to start with this, since the locking mechanisms on this basis differ significantly. The main ones can be considered three options for opening windows and, accordingly, three options for fittings.

Swivel.The hinged sash rotates around its vertical axis. Depending on which side of the hinges are located, they separate the right and left opening. We will not talk about the advantages and disadvantages, this is a well-known option to many.

Folding.The sash rotates around its horizontal axis and opens up to 180 degrees. The suspension can be either above or below the sash. As a rule, these fittings are complemented by an opening limiter. Such a system is called fanlight, it functions reliably with sashes of any shape and weight..

Tilt-and-turn fittings.In this case, the sash can move both horizontally and tilt away from the frame at the top, which allows ventilation in this mode. The specific type of opening is selected by a specific position of the control handle. After the “closed” position (handle down), there is a turning position (handle horizontally), and then tilt (handle vertically). Where it is necessary to protect against accidental opening (schools, kindergartens …), this sequence can be changed: first, tilting takes place, and then opening.

How to choose high quality PVC windows. Part 3: fittings

Flexibility and variability just became the highlight of these fittings, although the swing-out mechanism is more complicated than the first two options and needs more careful maintenance, which consists in periodic lubrication of moving parts and adjusting the density of the porch. Tilt-and-turn fittings are installed on both single-leaf and double-leaf windows, including those with a rebate. At the moment, this system can be considered a classic, since it has proven itself well and is used on most windows.

For the sake of fairness, it is worth noting that the movement of the sashes of plastic windows can be implemented according to other schemes, which are extremely rarely used in our country. Sliding fittings provide movement of the canvas along the frame. It is used only in tandem with special window profiles. Such a system is distinguished by a low level of sealing, therefore it is used in cold glazing of unheated rooms. Its obvious advantage is the saving of space, for example, on balconies and loggias. Tilt-and-slide fittings allow for ventilation when tilted. The full opening mode is carried out in two stages: first, the sash is exposed from the frame, and then it moves parallel to the window. Such fittings are mounted on standard profile systems with complete sealing contours. There are also mechanisms in nature that allow you to fold the sash of a plastic window, like an accordion.

Tilt and turn fittings are more practical, but more expensive than swing options, but it is not necessary to order all windows in this design for one room – you can successfully ventilate through one window block.

Technological and operational characteristics of fittings

Types of fittings according to the shape of the window

PVC windows are not always rectangular, they can have a sash of almost any configuration. If the corners of the product are indirect or there are radii, then special elements must be used to transfer the movement from the handle to the trunnions. On this basis, the fittings are divided depending on the shape of the sash:

  • for rectangular sashes
  • for arched
  • for trapezoidal (oblique angles)

Selection of fittings according to nominal load

As we already said, the hardware usually controls rather large sashes, which is its distinctive feature. A large sash is a lot of weight (especially when you consider that for our latitudes, double-glazed windows are needed), with which hinges and locking mechanisms should function normally. All manufacturers offer several series of fittings, which are sharpened for a certain sash weight, they indicate these data in their catalogs. The traditional range of working weights is in the range of 50–130 kilograms, which easily cover all household needs, but for special cases there are more durable mechanisms that work with flaps of 180–200 kg. Please note that fittings for trapezoidal and arched sashes have their own weight restrictions – they can withstand less.

How to choose high quality PVC windows. Part 3: fittings

Note that the load is determined not only by the mass of the sash, but also by the lever that acts on the hinges. In other words, there are restrictions on the width and height of the movable web; all the extension elements of the fittings are also adjusted for them. For example, the popular Roto NT-series fittings are designed for a maximum width of a sash or plastic door leaf up to 1200 mm, and a height of up to 2400 mm..

The calculation of the mass of movable elements of PVC windows is carried out according to special programs, the total weight of the profiles, reinforcing insert, glass units and the fittings itself is taken into account.

Number of working cycles

The working cycle for tilt-and-turn fittings is 4 actions: swing opening and closing, ventilation and closing. The total service life of the fittings to technical failure depends on how many such cycles the mechanism can provide. This most important indicator is the best illustration of quality. The minimum that the consumer should agree to is 10,000 cycles (it is considered, on average, up to 20 years of operation). Although the hardware can be replaced or modernized, it would make sense that it would serve as well as the rest of the window. Therefore, high-quality fittings from well-known companies will work up to 50-60 thousand cycles and are provided with a manufacturer’s warranty for up to 10 years.

Adjustability

The reality is that any fittings, even the most advanced ones, will eventually allow the sash to sag and need to be serviced. It is possible to restore the tightness of the porch during operation, as well as to fine-tune the fittings using adjustments. Obviously, fittings that provide adjustments in three planes will be more practical: frontal pressure against the rebate and raising / lowering the corners of the sash relative to the frame. The larger the range of permissible adjustment, the better. Its upper limit can be several millimeters..

How to choose high quality PVC windows. Part 3: fittings

Usually the fittings are adjusted using a hex wrench, but there are also options when additional tools are not needed. For example, in Winkhaus fittings, the locking pins are implemented as eccentric rollers. By rotating these rollers by hand, you can quickly adjust the full clamping of the sash to the porch seal. This is a convenient option for winter regulation of the pressure density, when the seal material becomes much harder..

Hinge type

In fact, the choice lies in the open or hidden execution of the hinges. The outer version is considered traditional, while the hinges located in the frame rebate are an innovation – not all firms offer such fittings. Let’s list the main features of the innovation:

  1. Hidden hinge windows are distinguished by their elegant design.
  2. There is more space for installing the slope, the more the sash, when opened, “slides” to the center of the window.
  3. The opening angle is about 100 degrees.
  4. Easier to achieve tightness of the vestibule in the hinge area.
  5. The sash weight should not exceed 100 kilograms.

How to choose high quality PVC windows. Part 3: fittings

Materials for the production of fittings

Reliable fittings for plastic windows are made of high quality steel. Some elements are made of light alloy die casting. The structure should not contain any plastic power parts. The use of polymers is allowed only for decorative purposes (hinge covers, handle rosettes), as well as for the manufacture of linings that adapt fittings to the groove.

A separate topic is anti-corrosion coating. If earlier only steel galvanizing was used, now galvanized parts in a galvanic bath are coated with metal salts and oxides. This, by the way, is an additional design advantage, since it is possible to manipulate color. Now you can choose from: yellow chromated, silver titanium finish or shiny stainless steel finish. To achieve absolute resistance to corrosion and reduce friction, fittings are coated with special varnishes, and, for example, Maco has developed its own wax treatment.

How to choose high quality PVC windows. Part 3: fittings

Burglar-proof hardware

One of the options for unauthorized entry through the window is the impact on the fittings. In most cases, intruders try to use pry bars or wedges to squeeze the pivot and disengage or break the pins. Naturally, high-quality fittings of well-known brands in conventional series have a fairly high resistance to force, but this may not be enough for cottages, apartments on the first and last floors. All manufacturers offer anti-burglary hardware kits that work approximately on the same principles:

  1. Mushroom trunnions with height-adjustable heads are used, which withstand a breaking load of up to one and a half tons.
  2. The number of locking points increases – at least five, including on the corner switch and scissors.
  3. Striker plates are made of high-strength steel.
  4. Reinforced hinges.
  5. The pins of the central mechanism go into the bar in different directions, which prevents thieves from moving the fittings.
  6. Hooks made of alloy steel are used, which are included in the frame (by analogy with anti-removable crossbars of steel doors).
  7. The central mechanism (in the area of ​​the handle) is hidden in a hidden way by a plate that prevents drilling.
  8. The mechanism is completed with handles with a lock.
  9. The fittings are fastened exclusively to the reinforcing profile insert (regardless of the size of the window block).

Auxiliary elements and additional functions

As we found out, the basic configuration of fittings is identical for most companies. Manufacturers can stand out against the background of competitors by offering us a number of additional functions, useful and not very useful. Behind each of them is a special part or a whole unit, which are installed on the window only together with the fittings or can supplement it as it is used.

Microlift

Another name is the sash lifting device. This element is installed at the bottom of the leaf on the side of the handle, it serves as an additional support for the sash in the tilt mode and relieves the hinges (even in the “closed” mode), extending their resource. Also, a microlift helps to open / close a slightly sagging sash.

How to choose high quality PVC windows. Part 3: fittings

Stepped sash tilt

The knot allows, using the handle, to fold the sash to a certain distance and obtain a certain ventilation rate. There are several steps (up to 7), the gap varies from 40 to 150 mm. In each position, the sash is locked and cannot be slammed shut by accident, for example, by a gust of wind.

Slot ventilation

This option is also called winter or seasonal ventilation. The idea is to slightly depressurize the porch to provide fresh air without creating drafts. Control is carried out by turning the handle to an intermediate position between the tilt and swing opening mode. In different versions, the sash deflects by 2-12 mm.

Swing limiter

The device allows you to preset the maximum swing opening level at a certain angle, for example, so that the handle does not hit the slope. But, in fact, this mechanism gives windows with a pivoting method of opening and folding transoms the opportunity to work effectively in the ventilation mode, and you can expose a slot with a width of a millimeter. This does not have to be an external comb, the action is performed by the handle.

How to choose high quality PVC windows. Part 3: fittings

Lock open position, brake

First of all, the function helps to prevent the sash from hitting the frame or swinging open in a sharp gust of wind.

Sash protection against falling out

A similar problem occurs during incorrect operation, which leads to critical wear of the loop groups. The option is realized with the help of a safety steel cable installed from the side of the hinges (it connects the sash and the frame). The system is relevant in public premises, in childcare facilities.

Wrong movement protection

To avoid loss of control over the sash (it is open, and at the same time the upper hinge has disconnected – it happens at intermediate positions of the control handle and unfinished modes), the window accessories are equipped with additional elements. If there is protection, then it will be possible to fold the sash only after the open leaf is completely pressed against the frame. This “handle block” is very useful if the sash is large and heavy..

How to choose high quality PVC windows. Part 3: fittings

Swing stop

Allows you to completely disable the rotary function of the fittings (the window only works for ventilation), which is convenient for ensuring the safety of children.

Built-in electronic components

These are automatic drive devices that can be programmed for ventilation or connected to the air conditioning and heating system (Smart Home). The fittings can be integrated with contact electromagnetic opening and closing sensors, which are associated with a general alarm.

Restricting children’s access

To prevent the child from opening the window on their own, they use overhead locks, as well as handles with a key or a hidden blocking button. In addition, a quick-detachable plastic plug can be installed instead of a handle..

How to choose high quality PVC windows. Part 3: fittings

Choosing a manufacturer of PVC window fittings

We have considered the main technical criteria for choosing fittings, this is the starting point. But by eye, it is difficult for a non-specialist to understand whether the mechanisms are coated with chromium oxide, or how many tons the specific pins can withstand. Everything you need to know can be found in the catalogs of manufacturers, the main thing is that the products are certified – therefore, ask for documents. In conclusion, we will announce the names of the leading manufacturers of fittings, which differ only in insignificant “chips”. In fact, it doesn’t matter which of them you give preference to, the locking mechanisms will be up to par in any case. So, the undisputed leaders in the market are the following companies: Winkhaus, Siegenia-Aubi, Roto, G-U (Gretsch-Unitas), Maco. We ask you to love and favor.

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Comments: 2
  1. Giselle

    When it comes to selecting high-quality PVC windows, understanding the significance of fittings is crucial. Can you provide insights on what factors should be considered while choosing fittings for PVC windows? Are there specific brands or materials that offer superior durability and functionality?

    Reply
  2. Wyatt Hayes

    When it comes to selecting high-quality PVC windows, the role of fittings cannot be overlooked. Can you provide guidance on how to choose the best fittings for PVC windows? What factors should be considered to ensure durability, functionality, and overall window performance?

    Reply
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