Built-in vacuum cleaners: characteristics and principle of operation

Recommendation points

• Industrial vacuum cleaners
• An example of a description of a typical dust extraction system in a carpentry production for 3-4 machines
• Household built-in vacuum cleaners

The article will tell you about built-in vacuum cleaners and how they can be used in construction and renovation. You will learn how to assemble a primitive built-in vacuum cleaner in your workshop. The article also provides prices for various models of modern integrated units..

A powerful vacuum cleaner is an essential part of any machine tool shop, workshop and processing plant. But there is another side of the “life” of integrated dust removal systems – household installations that allow you to completely abandon the usual portable dust collectors.

Industrial vacuum cleaners

In the previous article, we talked about various types of technical, construction and industrial vacuum cleaners. Recall that the main difference between these technical devices from household ones is the ability to connect a tool (grinder, hammer drill or machine) to them and start synchronously with it.

Portable models of vacuum cleaners are good for work “on wheels” – when the team performs work on different objects. However, for production or a developed workshop, a built-in vacuum cleaner is more suitable..

The easiest way out is to install the portable model permanently, and dilute the hose in places of dust formation. In this case, the device will immediately acquire some advantages:

1. Does not take up floor space – can be reinforced or hidden anywhere.
2. The body does not wear out.
3. No risk of damage to the device when moving from place to place.

Portable models are far from always able to cope with a large amount of dust, typical, for example, for masonry or carpentry shops. In this case, the owner will have to solve a more difficult task – to install a fully integrated dust extraction system. Usually professional firms are engaged in this, since this work requires a full-fledged calculation. The whole process is divided into several stages..

Analysis of room characteristics.Based on the workshop’s capabilities, it can be inferred as to where it is best to place the engine of the system. When choosing a location, there are two main factors to consider:

1. Free access for cleaning and maintenance.
2. Ability to use ambient air to cool the motor.

At this moment, points of wall inlets are applied to the plan and walls of the house and it becomes clear how the channels will be located.

Determination of dust extraction needs.Here the master calculates the volume of the exhaust air per unit of time. The composition of the waste, the length of the line, the cross-section of the channels are also taken into account. At this stage, we choose the design of the vacuum cleaner – with a built-in or separate dust collector. The layout of the device in the room and the engine power directly depend on this. The nuances of choosing a system:

1. The built-in dust collector allows you to realize up to 95% of the motor thrust, but to maintain it you need access to the vacuum cleaner itself.
2. Separate collection of dust, when the bag or container is located far from the motor, is convenient because it is impossible to accidentally damage an expensive motor when cleaning it. This means that this work can be safely entrusted to an inexperienced employee or even place the container on the street. With such a system, 75-80% of thrust is realized.

The data obtained at this stage will form the basis for further calculations..

Calculation of the power of the vacuum cleaner motor and the volume of the dust collector.After determining the design and location of the units of the built-in vacuum cleaner, you can begin to calculate the power of the power unit. It should be noted that this calculation is quite complex and is based on reference data on the properties of dust – each material is different. Humidity and temperature in the workshop or workshop are also important..

At this stage, the design of the dust bin is determined based on the production requirements for:

1. Hopper cleaning method (manual or automatic).
2. Outlet air quality (filters).
3. The amount of dust removed.

An example of a description of a typical dust extraction system in a carpentry production for 3-4 machines

Factory models, as a rule, are not cheap and the craftsmen themselves create systems literally from improvised material – decommissioned ventilation ducts and motors after repair. Bunkers, intermediate catchers and other elements are also products of our own research. Motor power, channel cross-section and other parameters are determined according to the principle of sufficiency – if dust is removed ineffectively, they simply install a more powerful motor:

1. An electric motor of 1.8–3.5 kW is used as an activator. A “volute” cyclone with metal blades is connected to the motor shaft – it pumps air.
2. Ventilation ducts with a cross section of 0.01–0.05 m are bred from the “snail”² and are brought to the place of formation or emission of dust (for example, to the workplace of the machine operator).
3. The exit channel of the “snail” is brought out into the street and an ordinary jute bag is put on it. It is both a filter and a dust collector at the same time.
4. The engine starting system is interfaced with the start of the machines, and the master himself adjusts the suction pipe as it is convenient for him.

Such a built-in vacuum cleaner will be inexpensive – for rooms up to 60 m² it is quite possible to keep within 200 cu. e. The self-made system is quite reliable and maintainable, but it creates a lot of noise and consumes more energy due to the outdated primitive design.

Household built-in vacuum cleaners

In a modern house, not only the sewage and power supply systems are completely centralized, but also the ventilation / air conditioning control systems. The built-in vacuum cleaner works by analogy with ventilation. The activator with a dust collector is located in the technical room – in the boiler room, garage, technical underground or storeroom, and the air outlet is brought out to the street.

Such a system is extremely convenient – there is no need to constantly carry the “hand” vacuum cleaner from place to place, simultaneously clinging to the corners. Only the hose is transferred, which, when connected to a wall inlet, turns on the motor.

There are dust collection points without a hose at all – these are almost invisible niches at the level of the baseboard, into which you can sweep the litter, and it will immediately disappear.

A home built-in vacuum cleaner can be incorporated into a home project, but its simple design allows you to install a dust removal system during major repairs. Like any modern system, such a vacuum cleaner is hidden and almost invisible after installation – channels with a diameter of 80 mm are led into walls or under a screed.

Table. Prices for built-in vacuum cleaners

* The scope of delivery includes only the device itself. Additional parts – brackets, wall inlets, hoses and brushes, filters, ducts – are purchased separately.

Video: built-in vacuum cleaner

An ordinary vacuum cleaner is inconvenient in that it does not retain all the dust – tiny particles harmful to humans rise into the air. In addition, dust rises from the surfaces that have not yet been cleaned. The built-in unit makes cleaning inconspicuous, quiet and completely removes the entire volume of dust along with the exhaust air.