Soya – what is it, benefits and harms, technology for the production of dairy products, flour and meat from beans

The content of the article

• What is soybeans?
• Where grows
• What does soya look like
• Chemical composition and nutritional value
• What is the use of soy
• Phytoestrogens for women
• The benefits of germinated soy
• Soybean oil
• Soya lecithin
• Harm and Danger
• Genomically Modified Soybeans
• Contraindications
• What foods contain soy
• Milk products
• Soya flour
• Meat
• Soya – recipes
• Syrniki
• Cutlets
• Soya bean soup

Modern people have a great opportunity to eat not only tasty and varied, but also useful, because now a huge assortment of products is available. Of particular note is soy. Many delicious dishes are prepared from the fruits of this high-protein plant. They also make milk, butter, flour, and many other things that can be eaten from soy. It has a huge amount of useful properties and does not harm almost anyone.

What is soybeans?

Soybean is an ancient cultivated plant. Belongs to the legume family. In the fruits of this plant more than 35% of the protein, unique in its composition of amino acids, a lot of nutrients. The culture is grassy, ​​annual. Soy is an inexpensive and healthy alternative to meat. The main characteristics of the plant, causing the popularity of its use in food and use in other areas:

• high productivity;
• the possibility of production of many different products from raw materials;
• high protein content;
• the possibility of preventing cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, heart attack;
• B vitamins, potassium, calcium and essential polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Where grows

The birthplace of the plant is China. It is cultivated on plantations in Asia, North and South America, Europe, Argentina, Australia on the islands of the Pacific and Indian oceans. In Russia, cultivation is practiced, as a rule, in the Far East. 60% of all domestic stocks are provided by the Amur Region. The rest is grown in Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories, Krasnodar and Stavropol.

What does soya look like

The stems of a cultural variety have different thicknesses, are both naked and pubescent. Height is from 15 cm to 2 meters. Leaves of all plant species are ternary. Cirrus venation. There is a fluff on the leaflets. There are underdeveloped styloid stipules. Soybean is a bean that is opened by two folds along the dorsal and abdominal sutures. Contains 2-3 seeds. The beans are large, their length is 4-6 cm. They are dense, and crack very rarely. Soybean seeds are oval. Color – yellow, less often brown, green or black.

Chemical composition and nutritional value

The plant is rich in easily digestible protein with a balanced set of amino acids. The ratio of the BJU is optimal. Soy contains virtually no carbohydrates, which provides it with low calorie content. What else is included in its biochemical composition:

• protein – 40%;
• fats – 20%;
• glucose, sucrose, fructose – 10%;
• trace elements: nickel, boron, iodine, aluminum, manganese, molybdenum, cobalt, iron;
• macronutrients: sulfur, phosphorus, silicon, potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium;
• starch;
• folic acid;
• retinol;
• tocopherols;
• pectins;
• B, E, D vitamins, beta-carotene;
• niacin;
• riboflavin;
• polyunsaturated fatty acids;
• enzymes;
• thiamine;
• pantothenic acid;
• isoflavonoids;
• choline;
• linolenic acid;
• phospholipids;
• choline;
• lecithin.

What is the use of soy

The composition of the plant is unique, so moderate use of dishes from it has a beneficial effect on the body. The benefits of soy:

1. The plant has a lot of high-grade protein. It is often eaten by athletes, bodybuilders, vegetarians. It saturates well, contains few calories.
2. Antioxidant effect. There are many vitamins in soy, the use of which has such an effect.
3. Protein breakdown and assimilation. This action is provided by the contained food enzymes, especially phytic acid..
4. Acceleration of metabolism, lowering cholesterol, restoration of cells of the nervous system. These actions are provided due to the high content of choline, lecithin. Due to this effect, soy is often included in the diet of obese patients, patients with improper metabolism..
5. The plant removes heavy metal salts from the body, radionuclides.
6. Use provides prevention of stomach ulcers and duodenum.
7. Soy affects pancreatic production of insulin, improves its functioning. It is recommended for diabetes.
8. Positive effect on bone tissue. Beans are useful for the treatment and prevention of arthritis.

Phytoestrogens for women

Soy contains substances of plant origin, which act on the body in the same way as estrogen. Phytoestrogens work selectively. They make up for the lack of female sex hormone. With an excess of estrogen, substances suppress its excessive activity. Isoflavonoids (genistein, etc.) are absolutely natural plants. Hormonal regulation with their help has no side effects. What is useful soy for women:

1. With its use, the risk of developing malignant oncological breast tumors is reduced. Hormone-dependent formations occur with excessive production of estrogen, and the substances contained in the plant inhibit this process..
2. Beans are rich in lecithin.. This substance prevents the deposition of fat, burns the formed cells, contributes to the fight against excess weight..
3. Eating soy foods reduces menopause symptoms caused by estrogen deficiency. Thanks to them, the tides will disappear, the risk of developing osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases will decrease. Menopausal women are recommended to eat 150-200 g of soy products per day.

The benefits of germinated soy

In sprouts, a mass of valuable protein. They contain the full range of vitamins, biologically active substances, enzymes necessary for the body. When germinating, the concentration of useful elements increases several times. The calorie content of the sprouts is very low. Their use helps to cleanse the intestines of toxins and carcinogens. The swollen coarse fibers of the sprouts absorb everything harmful, passing through the digestive tract. Germinated soy contains 30% more fiber than wheat.

It is advisable to use not canned sprouts, but cooked with your own hands, they are more useful. To make them, soybeans need to be soaked for 6 hours. After it should be washed and covered with wet gauze. It is necessary to ensure that the beans do not dry out, a little liquid should always remain under them. Water needs to be changed twice a day, while washing the fruits. Sprouts will appear on the second day. They will be ready for use for 3-4 days. Eating sprouts is better not raw, but blanched in boiling water for a minute.

Soybean oil

This product is very useful, contains many biologically active substances, minerals, vitamins. In eastern countries, oil has been consumed for a long time, in Europe it became popular only in the last century. The substance is obtained after pressing and extraction of soybeans. Oil is deodorized or refined to give consumer qualities. It turns out a straw-yellow liquid with a pleasant light aroma.

Oil is used to make lecithin. This substance is added to certain foods, drugs, soaps, dyes. You can fry something in soybean oil, season salads with it, and use it for baking. 100 g contains 890 kcal. Soybean oil has significantly more trace elements and tocopherol than in sunflower or olive. Use brings such benefits:

1. The immune system works better.
2. The prevention of cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis due to the contained trace elements and vitamins.
3. Metabolism is regulated. Alimentary tract diseases are being prevented..
4. Thanks to choline and organic acids, the liver, heart muscle function improves, blood cholesterol is regulated.

It is recommended to use 1-2 tablespoons of oil per day. The product is not only taken orally. Oil is actively used in cosmetology. The tool slows down the aging process, actively nourishes and moisturizes the skin of the face, body of the hands, is able to smooth wrinkles. It is better to refuse the use and use of oil for allergies to soy protein. Contraindications are pregnancy, the risk of migraine attacks, liver and kidney failure.

Soya lecithin

A substance produced from beans performs important functions for the human body, takes part in the restoration of brain cells, nervous tissue. Lecithin is responsible for memory, motor activity, thinking, learning. The substance regulates fat metabolism, cholesterol, promotes rejuvenation and helps fight many diseases..

Soya lecithin is a product of a group of emulsifiers. It is used for mixing substances with different properties. Lecithin as a dietary supplement is included in the spread, bread, margarine, semi-finished products, sausages, chocolate, infant formula, dairy products, fast food. It is worth noting that in most cases, producers produce a substance from soybeans that underwent genetic modification. Therefore, products with it must be included in the diet selectively.

Natural soya lecithin is very beneficial for the body. It consists of the following elements:

• B vitamins;
• choline;
• linoleic acid;
• phosphoethylcholine;
• phosphates;
• inositol.

Soya lecithin is sold as dietary supplements. Such dietary supplements are recommended for use in diseases of blood vessels and the heart, liver, impaired lipid metabolism, memory problems, pregnancy. Lecithin is added to cosmetics. It nourishes, smoothes and moisturizes the skin, in addition, gives the product the correct consistency. Useful properties of natural soya lecithin:

1. Reduces cravings for nicotine. The composition includes the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which helps the brain receptors break the habit of smoking.
2. Stimulates metabolism. Lecithin destroys fats, prevents obesity, reduces the load on the liver.
3. Protects against stress. Forms a myelin sheath around nerve fibers.
4. Cleanses blood vessels from cholesterol plaques, strengthens the heart muscle. Contains phospholipids that are involved in the formation of amino acids that strengthen myocardium.
5. Stimulates the separation of bile. Lecithin dissolves fats. Because of this, bile liquefies, is not deposited on the walls of the ducts and gall bladder.
6. Helps brain cell function. Contributes to the preservation and development of memory.

Harm and Danger

Excessive consumption of any product can lead to health problems. What harm soy can cause to the body:

1. The product has a strumogenic effect. The substances contained in it can provoke disruption of the thyroid gland and endocrine system. This causes the formation of goiter, thyroiditis and other diseases..
2. The composition contains oxalic acid, which contributes to the development of urolithiasis.
3. Excessive consumption of soy products can cause pancreatic hypertrophy and disrupt its functioning..
4. Enzymes contained in the product slow down the absorption of calcium, zinc, iron, iodine from other foods.
5. Soybean phytoestrogens can disrupt the female reproductive system, although they are considered useful. They can cause disorders of the menstrual cycle, accelerated development in girls, problems with childbearing. During pregnancy, they increase the risk of miscarriage, can provoke defects in the development of the fetus. For men, phytoestrogens are also unsafe. Their excess causes female type obesity, a decrease in potency, and a slowdown in development in boys.
6. Substances contained in the product accelerate the progression of Alzheimer’s disease, senile dementia.

Genomically Modified Soybeans

Sadly, such a product and derivatives are very common on the market. Using genetically modified soy is dangerous. Genes are artificially altered by inactivation so that the plant does not respond to treatment with herbicides. The consequences of eating foods from such raw materials have not yet been fully studied. The fact that genomically modified soy does not have beneficial properties, causes obesity and allergic reactions is precisely confirmed..

Contraindications

There are categories of people who eat soy products with caution or strictly forbidden. Even a completely healthy person is not recommended to consume more than 150-200 g per day and refuse genomically modified beans. People with diabetes or obesity are allowed to eat soy in minimal quantities. Categorical contraindications:

• pregnancy;
• childhood;
• endocrine system diseases;
• individual intolerance;
• young age of women and men.

What foods contain soy

Due to the properties of the plant, it is possible to produce many different foods from it. Soy products are used for cooking, enriching them. They are especially popular in vegetarian cuisine, East Asian countries. Types of soy products:

1. Natto. Whole Fermented Boiled Seed Product.
2. Yuba. Dried foam from the surface of soy milk. Used raw, dried. Reminds texture asparagus. Combined with vegetables, cereals and potatoes.
3. Flour.
4. Edamame. Green Boiled Bean Seed Appetizer.
5. Butter. Tasteful, suitable for frying and dressing, contains a large amount of vitamin E.
6. Tofu. Cheese with a different consistency. It is soft jelly-like, hard. Pressed into blocks. Frozen, yellowish, then turns white. Very porous.
7. Meat. Textured flour product. The structure and appearance resemble real meat of animal origin.
8. Tempe. Fermented seed product. Prepared with the addition of fungal culture. Pressed into briquettes. It has a slight ammonia odor.
9. Paste. Kochujan, twenjan, miso.
10. Sauce. Liquid dressing for various fermented bean dishes.
11. Vegetarian sausages, sausages, cutlets, burgers, cheeses.
12. Chocolate. Low-fat animal fat-free dessert.

Milk products

From soya, they make a lot of everything tasty and healthy. After special processing, the plant produces milk and derivatives, which are an excellent alternative to products of animal origin and practically do not differ in taste. Soy milk does not contain lactose and cholesterol. Scroll:

1. Yogurt. Contains minimal amounts of vegetable fats. By the vitamins and microelements included in the composition, it does not differ from ordinary yogurt. Vegans often include it in their diet.
2. Kefir.
3. Milk. It is used in its pure form, suitable for cooking cereals, making cocktails, desserts. Galactose free.
4. Mayonnaise.
5. Tofu. Cheese analogue. Cholesterol free. It is perfectly absorbed by the body. Prevents the development of cancer cells, helps restore and strengthen bone and muscle tissue. It goes well with herbs, vegetables, algae
6. Yogurt. Milk fermentation product.
7. Cottage cheese. It turns out when fermenting milk with leaven or acid and crimping protein clots.
8. Ryazhenka.

Soya flour

Make it from dry seeds or meal. Almost no starch. Soy flour contains significantly more nutrients and protein than other types. It has binding properties. Because of this, it is good to add such flour to the dough in equal proportions with wheat or other cereal. In this case, you can not enter eggs. Ideal for all types of lean baking.

Meat

Their non-fat flour is produced by extrusion cooking. Soy meat is low in calories and contains minimal cholesterol. Great for diet food, vegetarian lifestyle. In the production of meat, all the nutritional properties of beans are preserved. It contains eight essential acids, so it increases hemoglobin and improves blood quality. It is rich in iron, minerals. Well absorbed by the body.

Before cooking, the meat is soaked in water, broth or broth for a while, or boiled, depending on the instructions indicated on the package. The pieces soften and become texture like real ones. To taste, you can add any sauces, salt, seasonings and spices. After softening with meat, you can cook everything the same as with the usual: main dishes, soups, salads.

Soya – recipes

A huge number of dishes can be made from plants and derivatives: first, second, side dishes, salads, desserts. Almost all of them are perfect for diet and vegetarian nutrition. When choosing dishes, take into account the fact that soy is best combined with vegetables and cereals. In the process of cooking, you can safely add seasonings, spices, sauces and other components to enrich the taste.

Syrniki

• Time: 35 minutes.
• Servings Per Container: 4 Persons.
• Calorie content: 200 kcal (per 100 g).
• Purpose: breakfast, dessert.
• Kitchen: home.
• Difficulty: Easy.

Cheesecakes are made from tofu, which in structure resembles cottage cheese. This is a great option for a light and wholesome diet breakfast. Cheesecakes are lush and rosy. They should be liked not only by adults, but also by children. According to the recipe, wheat flour is added to the dish, but you can take half the norm of soy. In this case, do not put eggs in the dough.

Ingredients:

• vegetable oil – 2 tbsp. l .;
• tofu – 400 g;
• wheat flour – 7-8 tbsp. l .;
• eggs – 2 pcs.;
• vanillin – 0.5 g;
• sugar – 3 tbsp. l.

Cooking method:

1. Dry the tofu. If it is frozen, first bring to room temperature and squeeze.
2. Grate tofu.
3. Add the eggs. Mix well.
4. Add sugar, vanillin.
5. Gradually introduce the flour. Depending on how wet the tofu is, you may need less than what is stated in the recipe..
6. Knead a dough that will hold well.
7. Form flat cheesecakes. Roll in flour.
8. Heat oil in a pan. Fry cheese cakes for 2-3 minutes on each side.

Cutlets

• Time: 1 hour.
• Servings Per Container: 6 Persons.
• Calorie content: 195 kcal (per 100 g).
• Purpose: main course.
• Kitchen: home.
• Difficulty: medium.

From bean you can cook beautiful cutlets, low-calorie and very nutritious. You can serve them with mashed potatoes, rice, buckwheat. If you are on a diet, then as a side dish, make a simple vegetable salad. Cutlets are suitable for those who fast, all the products allowed for this period go into the composition. The recipe is not too complicated, any housewife will be able to master it.

Ingredients:

• soybeans – 2 glasses;
• flour – 4 tbsp. l .;
• onions – 4 medium heads;
• dried ginger – a couple of pinches;
• garlic – 6 cloves;
• salt, pepper – to taste;
• potatoes 4 medium tubers.

Cooking method:

1. Sort the beans and soak overnight. Rinse in the morning, fill with clean water and cook until soft.
2. Peel the vegetables. Cut into slices. Fry two onions in vegetable oil.
3. Combine beans, potatoes, garlic. Add onions and raw and fried.
4. Pass the food through a meat grinder or chop with a blender.
5. Add spices. You can add some chicken seasoning. Stir the minced meat thoroughly.
6. Heat a pan with oil. Form cutlets. Roll in flour.
7. Fry the patties until golden brown on both sides.

Soya bean soup

• Time: 45 minutes.
• Servings Per Container: 4 Persons.
• Calorie content: 153 kcal (100 g).
• Purpose: first course, lunch.
• Cuisine: Eastern.
• Difficulty: Easy.

Soya bean soup is a light diet first course. It is prepared quickly from the simplest products. A serving of such a soup for lunch will help you not to get hungry until late in the evening. Cooking should be on vegetable broth, but the use of meat is also allowed. Experiment by adding different seasonings, dried herbs, spices to the soup. So you can change the taste of the dish to your preference.

Ingredients:

• soybeans – 2 glasses;
• spices, salt, pepper;
• potatoes – 10 pcs.;
• vegetable broth – 4 l;
• onion – 2 pcs.;
• wheat flour – 2 tbsp. l .;
• butter – 1-2 tbsp. l.

Cooking method:

1. Soak the beans overnight. Rinse in the morning, cook until soft.
2. Peel the onions. Chop. Sauté until golden brown in butter. Introduce the flour and a little broth. Make all lumps disappear.
3. Add the onion dressing to the heated broth. Add beans.
4. Half an hour after boiling, add peeled and diced potatoes.
5. Cook the soup for another half hour. Before disconnecting salt, add seasonings. You can pour in some soy sauce.