The content of the article
- What is biofertilizer
- Beneficial features
- Benefits of Biofertilizers
- Biological fertilizer technology
- Types of biofertilizers
- Bacterial
- Fungal
- EM biofertilizers
- Vermicompost
- How to choose a biofertilizer for a garden
- Operating principle
- Biofertilizer Manufacturers
- Release form
- Weight / volume
- The best biological fertilizers for plants
- Where to buy biofertilizers
- How to cook your own bio-fertilizers
The use of biofertilizers for the garden and garden enriches the soil (for example, in the country) with microflora, increasing its productivity and resistance to anthropogenic factors. The rational use of bacterial, fungal, yeast and preparations based on EM technologies promotes the cultivation of environmentally friendly products by improving humus and increasing soil fertility.
What is biofertilizer
Biofertilizers are classified as natural fertilizers. They are formed in the process of oxygen-free fermentation of organic substances – manure, litter or plant debris. Unlike complex mineral fertilizers, they do not accumulate nitrates in the composition of the soil and products, completely absorbed by plants. Soil microorganisms process organic, inorganic compounds into plant nutrition components.
Beneficial features
The technology of anaerobic fermentation of beneficial microorganisms completely preserves the amount of nitrogen. The ability of bacteria to concentrate atmospheric nitrogen and convert it into a form suitable for consumption by the plant improves the growth characteristics of crops. Mobilizing sparingly soluble phosphates and phytic acid, the microbiological strain retains phosphorus and potassium in the soil.
Benefits of Biofertilizers
Studies conducted in the agricultural industry prove the undeniable advantages of biofertilizers for the garden over organic, mineral analogues:
- Disinfection from pathogenic microflora, which provokes the development of anthrax, paratuberculosis, salmonellosis, foot and mouth disease, ascariasis, intestinal infections.
- The increased content of active microflora – 1012 colonies / g compared with 109 colonies / g of manure.
- Preservation of micronutrients. 80% of organic fertilizers and 15% of biological.
- Unlike mineral fertilizers, which are partially dissolved, forming nitrates, bio-fertilizers for the garden and orchard are connected with the soil and are absorbed 100%.
Biological fertilizer technology
Industrial production of bioadditives is aimed at preserving and accumulating viable bacterial cells by the aseptic microbiological process. Initially, nodule bacteria are grown in an agar medium based on legumes, agar, and sucrose. The next step involves fermentation at a temperature of 27-30 degrees and a pH level of 6.5-7.5. The separated biomass is mixed with a protective medium, sent for drying in a vacuum drying oven at a temperature of 30-35 degrees at a pressure of 10-13 kPa.
Types of biofertilizers
Each type of biofertilizer is characterized by the characteristics of microbiological flora, intended for individual crops and soil. Agronomists recommend combining preparations accelerating the decomposition of humus masses with Azotobacterin. Extrasol, Rostmoment, BisolbiFit have growth-promoting and anti-stress characteristics. Among the universal drugs that suppress the development of pathogenic microflora, Baikal EM-1 helps to restore soil fertility and improve crops.
Bacterial
Biotechnology isolates nodule bacteria – the basis of bacterial fertilizer. Their symbiosis with plants is aimed at providing the soil with nitrogen and phosphorus:
- Nitragin applies only to legumes on an industrial scale. It is applied to the soil or pre-sowing seed treatment.
- Azotobacterin is a complex fertilizer of peat or humus environment, which is used in sod-podzolic soil. Its main advantage is its ability to suppress fungal flora..
- Multifunctional liquid fertilizer “Azotovit” stimulates the development of the vegetative organs of plants, inhibits the accumulation of nitrates, increases resistance to adverse environmental conditions, increasing productivity up to 40%. Used for all crops except legumes.
- Phosphorobacterin contains cabbage stick spores, which are mixed with white clay.
- The drug “Phosphatovit” synthesizes phosphorus and potassium, providing plant nutrition, protection against parasites. It is applied to all types of crops.
- Rizotorfin and AMB are accelerators of the decomposition of humus substances that are used to form organic matter and form a protective layer of soil.
Fungal
Biofertilizers for the garden based on saprophytic fungi enzymatically decompose organic residues into minerals:
- The owners of summer cottages will be interested in the drug Globioma Biota Max. It is available in the form of soluble tablets. It consists of 4 species of Trichoderma fungus, whose action is aimed at protecting the soil from parasites. Due to the restoration of soil microflora, bioadditive significantly increases productivity.
- “Rostmoment” is a stimulant of plant life. It is mainly used to increase the yield of grain and vegetable crops. Fertilizer is applied by watering or spraying. To obtain a suspension, it is necessary to dilute the powder with water and leave for half an hour.
EM biofertilizers
Effective microorganisms contribute to the restoration of soil fertility, the improvement of various crops, increase frost resistance:
- A popular biofertilizer is Baikal EM-1, which increases the fertility of vegetable crops from 50 to 150%.
- The drug “Biorost” provokes the synthesis of humus, allowing you to get a good harvest. The main advantage is the active productivity of microorganisms for 2-3 years.
Vermicompost
The soil processed by earthworms is enriched with useful substances and microorganisms. Biohumus improves soil structure, accelerates plant growth, eliminates the presence of pathogenic microflora, provides a high level of survival of seedlings. Vermicompost “Tea” is bred in a ratio of 1:50 and poured into the holes. “AgroVerm” is characterized by increased moisture capacity and hydrophobicity. Auxin in the composition of the drug stimulates the growth of fruits.
How to choose a biofertilizer for a garden
To select a specific biological composition, it is necessary:
- Determine the type of soil by laboratory or folk method. Phosphoric fertilizers are useful for any soil. Neutral substrate needs a good nitrogen base to improve plant vegetation.
- Assess the individual needs of plants. Cucumbers, tomatoes, potatoes, white cabbage require an additional portion of nitrogen. Berry bushes should be fertilized with phosphorus..
Operating principle
Bacterial fertilizers are used together with planting material or seeds, spreading into moist soil. Their effect is not limited to providing crops with potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen. It affects multilateral biochemical processes in the soil. In addition to nitrogen-fixing ability, Azotobacter synthesizes biologically active substances – auxins, which have a beneficial effect on plant growth. The introduction of “Phosphorobacterin” stimulates the action of nitrifying bacteria, anaerobic nitrogen fixers.
Biofertilizer Manufacturers
Enterprises engaged in the production of liquid dressings for the growth, development and protection of plants offer a wide range of biological products, guaranteeing environmental friendliness, biological safety, and cost-effectiveness of the product. The main advantage is an innovative processing technology in combination with a quality control system that ensures high fertilizer efficiency, increasing yields up to 40%.
Release form
Manufacturers produce biofertilizers for the garden in a powder form, liquid form, tablets, granules. For different purposes, a strict dosage of the drug is used. The working solution is prepared in the amount necessary for one season, since it does not withstand long-term storage. The effect of fertilizers on acidic soil is sharply reduced, therefore, their preliminary liming is required.
Weight / volume
Packing is carried out in small containers for use on garden and cottage areas of private property. For industrial agricultural complexes, drugs are packaged in large batches. Recently, Azotovit and Phosphatovit in plastic packaging, with a capacity of 200 ml, have been offered to summer residents. Previously, it was available only for industrial farmland..
The best biological fertilizers for plants
| Title | Mechanism of action | Application features | Price |
| Phosphatovite | Provides phosphorus, potassium nutrition.
Suppresses phytopathogenic flora. Promotes root system development. | For presowing preparation, mix 50 ml of the drug with 30 ml of water. To feed, dilute 35 ml in 10 liters of water. Top dressing 2 times a month. | 130 r. |
| Extrasol | Enrichment of seedlings with a healthy environment. Protection against pathogenic microflora. Improving root system formation. | Seedlings are wetted with 0.1% solution. Spraying with 1% solution is carried out to stimulate growth.. | 100 r. |
| Bisolby Fit | Stimulation of plant growth and development. Disease Prevention. | Spray tubers or bulbs of plants before planting at the rate of: per 100 g of seed – 1 tsp / 50 ml. water. For growth, spray the leaves with a solution – 5 tsp / 1 l of water. | 180 r. |
| Globioma biota max | Soil microflora restoration. Obstacle leaching of nutrients from the ground. Protection against fungal diseases. The production of phytohormones to stimulate plant growth. | For seed treatment, dissolve the tablet in 1-2 liters of water, moisten the seed, allow to dry. For root dressing and tillage, 1 tablet (on a plot of land 10 acres) to dissolve 1-2 liters of water. Ready concentrate dilute 100-200 liters of water. Treat the soil 2-3 days before planting. | 479 r. |
| Growth moment | Increasing the yield of vegetable and grain crops. Stimulation of the protective functions of plants. | Apply by watering 0.1% liquid or spray 0.3 g / 30 ml. | 25 r. |
| Biofertilizer Baikal EM-1 | High yield growth rates. Satisfying plant nutrient requirements. | Before you buy Baikal EM-1, you need to purchase molasses, honey or preserves for the fermentation of the drug. In 3 l of water add 3 tbsp. l molasses and 30 ml of Baikal EM-1 concentrate. Ready solution to withstand a week. To prepare 100 l of working solution, you need to add 100 ml of the drug and 100 ml of molasses. For 10 liters of water you need 1 tbsp. l molasses and fertilizers. | 301 r. |
| Ecoberin | Seed germination stimulation. Disease resistance. Faster ripening. | Apply in the evening. To prepare the working solution, it is necessary to mix the bioliquid with water. | 125 r. |
| Healthy garden | Protection of garden flowers and trees from diseases, pests. Fruit Improvement. | To prepare a liter of solution, use 2 granules of the product. | 180 r. |
| HB-101 | 3 times higher yield. Improving the shape and color of fruits. Increased levels of sugar, vitamin C in fruits. 2-fold increase in crop safety. | To prepare the soil, soaking seeds, spraying, prepare a solution – 2-3 drops / 1 liter of water. | 135 r. |
| Sprout | Plant protection from man-made impact. Stimulation of the growth of horticultural crops, indoor flowers. Ripening acceleration. Obstruction of toxicants. | To prepare the working solution, it is necessary to dissolve 1 tbsp. l 0.1% of the drug in a liter of water. Soak the seeds for 6-24 hours. To process seedlings, use 10 ml of fertilizer per liter of water. Spray at least two times, with a frequency of 10-15 days. | 50 r. |
Where to buy biofertilizers
In order not to be disappointed with the quality of top dressing, one should give preference to advanced manufacturing companies of bio-fertilizers for the garden. Fertilizers can be bought through online stores in Moscow with packaging in the required quantity. It is important that aseptic conditions are observed at the base of production, and there is a microbiological laboratory of its own..
How to cook your own bio-fertilizers
Experienced gardeners offer methods of preparing solutions that promote the growth of crops and indoor plants. Unlike mineral dressings and animal organics, mixtures based on beneficial bacteria make it possible to grow natural vegetables and fruits:
| Azotovit | 1 kg of humus mixed with a glass of water, add 5 g of superphosphate, 1 tbsp. l lime or chalk. Stir the mixture and form a 10 cm thick layer. Close off the sun with cellophane, place in a dark place for 7 days. After a week, the surface of the mixture is covered with mucus – a nitrogenous bacteria, which must be collected, dried. | For seed treatment, dilute 10 ml of 30 ml of water. For feeding, dilute 50 ml in 10 l of water. In spring, use dry mass for composting, dusting seeds, and apply to the soil. |
| Risitorphin | Fill the metal container with weeds, grass and pour water. Close the lid, leave in the sun. When the fermentation process begins, add water by filling the tank by a third. After a week, pour the leaven into the compost pit. | To fertilize the soil, mix with peat and add to the wells. |
| Yeast fertilizer | Dilute 1 kg of live yeast with 5 l of water, let it brew for 4 hours, dilute with water in a ratio of 1:10. You can add 0.5 kg of wood ash. | Apply fertilizer after picking plants. A week after planting, fertilize, as a result of which the development of the root system is stimulated. The next yeast fertilizer should be applied after flowering. |
The basic principles of ecologically clean farming include:
- Replacing autumn digging with shallow, up to 5 cm, loosening. Digging the soil disrupts its natural structure.
- Eliminate the use of pesticides.
- To create favorable conditions for the propagation of microorganisms and worms in the soil using EM preparations.
Can you provide more information about the types of biofertilizers available in terms of their mechanisms of action, methods of application, manufacturers, and their respective prices? I am particularly interested in understanding which biofertilizers are considered the most effective and cost-efficient. Thank you.