Country house construction

Recommendation points

• Foundation device for a country house
• Floor device
• Veranda device
• Roof device
• The walls of the country house

Having left our choice on the project (typical or individual) of a country house, we proceed to its implementation. What you need to know about building a home? Of course, the basics of construction and the building blocks of the house. In this article we will look at all the components of a house – foundation, walls, roof, floors … And so, let’s start in order.

Foundation device for a country house

For light houses made of a wooden frame, insulated boards or timber, the foundations are made columnar, with dimensions in the plan of 50×50 cm, recessed by 1.35 m, and within the cellar – tape, recessed by 2.15 m. For walls made of brick, stone, adobe foundations should be strip only. The best materials for foundations are rubble concrete, rubble masonry and red baked iron ore bricks. There can be strip foundations of loess soils mixed with cement in a ratio of 1:10, i.e. 150 kg of cement per 1 cubic meter. m of soil.

Floor device

Above the basement or cellar, the ceiling is made of monolithic reinforced concrete or prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs. If the house is without a basement, then the floor of the first floor is laid on logs along brick posts. The underground (basement space) is ventilated through vents in the basement. Sometimes the floor is insulated like an interfloor or attic floor. The main problem is how to block the house. In typical projects, only a wooden floor is provided along the beams with cranial bars, roll-over, insulation, backfill. Often they use old wooden beams from city houses that are being demolished, or metal I-beams and channels that are well preserved in dismantled old houses. It is an excellent material for monolithic slabs made of warm concrete.

Practice has shown that ready-made factory reinforced concrete floor panels with a length of 5.4 are very convenient for the construction of brick garden houses; 5.7 and 6 m, width 1.2 and 1.5 m; prefabricated reinforced concrete lintels and poles (columns – for pile structures in flooded areas).

The floor panel dictates the plan and dimensions of the house. So, for a garden house with an area of ​​25 sq. m. will require three panels measuring 6×1.5 m. If the house has a basement, the panels will need twice as many. Panels with a length of 5.4 or 5.7 and a width of 1.2 m will require 4 and 8, respectively. It should be borne in mind that the area of ​​the brick heating device, as well as the thickness of the building partitions, are not included in the usable area of ​​the house.

Veranda device

The veranda is attached to the main walls of the house under a common roof or with a light canopy. Thus, the dimensions of the main house with panel overlap will be approximately 4.5×6, 4.8×5.4 and 4.8×5.7 m in the axes of the panels, and together with the veranda with an area of ​​10 sq. M. – 6.3×7 and 7.3×6.2 m.Each developer must first calculate the area of ​​all rooms, taking into account the existing floor structures and wall thickness (the shelf supporting the reinforced concrete panel on the brick wall is 10-12 cm).

When installing reinforced concrete ceilings for the passage of the chimney, it is necessary to push the panels apart by a width of 25-38 cm, and the rest of the slots should be monolithic with reinforced concrete or a hole in the panel for a 13×27 cm channel punched out. For lining (coating with refractory clay), the size of the hole increases to 30-50 mm. For a fireplace or a Russian stove, the hole size is twice as large. This will be discussed below..

Roof device

The roof is made of wooden inclined rafters with a crate and is covered with corrugated asbestos-cement sheets or traditional roofing material (tiles, roofing felt, reeds, straw, shingles). Highly flammable materials are impregnated with a fire retardant. In carpentry shops and woodworking plants, standard window and door blocks are ordered. You can make beautiful window shutters and front door with your own hands. Built-in furniture, sauna cladding, etc. are made of timber..

The walls of the country house

The easiest way is to purchase a standard panel house or build brick walls, making lightweight masonry with insulation, fold them out of cellular gas silicate or expanded clay concrete blocks. If these materials are not available, use a brick fight from old houses going for demolition or put a combined structure. The outer facing layer is made of good brick with jointing, internal materials (shell rock, adobe, natural stone, etc.). According to the old recipes, the blocks are laid on an alumina binder. Such houses are warm in winter and cool in summer. Outside, the walls are plastered with a textured layer or leveled and whitewashed. Some embroider the seams to create a beautiful stone wall surface..

The dacha squadron has always been and remains a troublesome but pleasant experience. After all, it is always nice to do something with your own hands, and here – practically your own house is built! This article is intended for people getting started in the construction world. After all, everything starts from the beginning – the first is acquaintance with the basics and components of building a house. This article reflects the main components of the construction of a country house, after reading it you already have an idea of ​​where the house begins – good luck in construction!