Recommendation points
From this article you will learn about the advantages and disadvantages of foundations built using the TISE technology. We will tell you how to build a foundation with your own hands, we will give step-by-step instructions. You can learn about the nuances of the monolithic pile grillage and the piles themselves.
Individual ecological construction pursues many goals, one of which is a careful attitude to natural resources. Gentle technology allows you to get the desired result – a solid durable house, without spending extra energy and raw materials. We will tell you about the foundation, which can be erected by an average master even alone.
Technology basis
The main advantage, or as they say today – “trick”, of such a foundation is that it does not come into contact with the ground. More precisely, the contact area is minimal and is reduced to the surface of the piles. The tape grillage rests on them and is in a suspended state. This provides the following benefits:
- Reinforced waterproofing of the foundation is not required. For all waterproofing works, 5–6 rolls of ordinary inexpensive roofing material are enough.
- Seasonal heaving of the soil * does not affect the grillage tape. This factor often causes fracture of strip foundations..
- The minimum amount of earthwork.
- Ventilated under-floor space – reliable protection against dampness and discussion.
- The energy of the soil is used. With the correct organization of the basement and ventilation under the house in the underground bosom, a constant temperature will be maintained.
* Heaviness of the soil – the property of the soil to change the volume with temperature changes. Depends on soil moisture and temperature.
The disadvantages can be called conditional:
- More planks are needed to form the beams.
- Must withstand at least 21 days before stripping.
The “hanging” grillage does not differ structurally from the rooted one. The difference between them is only in the level of laying..
TISE piles
The peculiarity of TISE piles is that they have a developed support part in the form of an expansion along the radius of the pile. It is difficult to call it a novelty – this design has been used in industrial construction since the middle of the 18th century. The main problem – an increase in the space in the bottom of the pile hole, was solved in different ways – from special nozzles on the drill rod to the explosive method.
TISE engineers took the work of industrial mechanisms as a basis and created a special drill with a folding knife. No other way to make an expansion at a depth of 1.8 meters under these conditions has yet been invented. The drill itself has a rather primitive design and consists of the following elements:
- Vertical bar with handles.
- Dirt collector equipped with cutters at the bottom for digging into the ground.
- Reversible knife with pull to handle.
Drilling a borehole under a pile is elementary – having reached the desired level with conventional drilling, the operator throws back the knife with a pull and selects the cavity, continuing to rotate the drill. The soil is collected in a dirt collector container and the operator retrieves it to the surface. The pile depth is set from a single rule: the supporting part of the pile must be completely below the level of soil freezing.
At the moment on sale you can find two original drills TISE-F200, F250 and F300, as well as countless copies and analogues. The numbers in the title are the diameter of the pit in millimeters. Drills cost:
- TISE-F200 – 75 USD e.
- TISE-F250 – $ 80 e.
- TISE-F300 – 85 USD e.
Piles and drill TISE on video
Construction of the foundation
The TISE foundation consists of two structural elements – a pile row and a grillage-beam, respectively, and the work will be divided into two stages. First you need to arrange all the piles, and then make a grillage.
Pile concreting
After drilling all the pits, you should start preparing the frames for the piles. These can be simple frames made of A3 O 12 reinforcement – 3–4 working rods per one pile. Take the length with a margin of 400–600 mm. Tie the working rods with clamps..
Working process:
- We make a foundation – add at least 50 mm of concrete to each pit. If you need precision in your work, at this stage you need to level the horizon at depth. To do this, pull the cord in the horizon so that it does not interfere with the work, and adjust the level with a layer of concrete, focusing on the cord.
- We install the frames and concreting the support headstock of the pile.
- Installing a “shirt” made of roofing material .
Video – how to make a sleeve for a pile
- We concreting the piles through the conductor, as shown in the video. Column height for concrete from 100 to 200 mm above ground level.
Concreting TISE piles on video
Further steps will differ depending on the grillage material. If it is wooden, like the rest of the house, then the piles can be cut with a grinder along the desired horizon after hardening. If the grillage is monolithic, it is necessary when concreting to be guided by a tensioned cord so that the concrete level of the pile is appropriate.
Grillage concreting
After the solution has hardened (3 days), the foundation can be continued.
Working process:
- Fill the space between the piles with soil or sand / slag flush with the concrete level (horizon) to a width equal to the width of the tape + 200 mm. Tamp with boards or hand tamp.
- Lay the contact plane with roofing felt or polyethylene.
- Bend the pile reinforcement outlets at the level of the future working rods of the beam frame.
- Tie the frame according to the reinforcement requirements. In this case, the outlets of the pile frame must be tied into the frame of the beams.
- We install the formwork according to the formwork requirements.
- Concreting the beams, focusing on the horizon, which is better to transfer to the inner side of the board. To do this, use high-quality concrete from pure raw materials with proportions of 1/3 / 3-4. When laying, use a vibrator – the hanging beams must be reliable.
After placing the concrete, it is necessary to withstand at least 7 days to continue the work. After removing the formwork, after 21 days, you need to remove the bedding from under the beams. The terrain will flatten out and there will be gaps between the bottom of the beam and the ground. The beam can be covered with one layer of liquid waterproofing (except for the contact surface during the further construction of TISE walls).
The final view of the TISE foundation on video
Further operation of the foundation will require the organization of underground ventilation. This can be done by bridging the gap with a perforated sheet of galvanized laminated metal. The described technology is extremely economical. Attempts to make it even cheaper by using low-quality raw materials will inevitably lead to big troubles that will start from the foundation. Decent concrete and sufficient reinforcement will extend the life of the foundation to 180 years.
Can you please provide detailed instructions on how to make hanging beams on piles independently, for someone who is not familiar with TISE foundations?