Household gas meter – types and principle of operation, accounting units, how to choose a private house or apartment

The content of the article

• What is a gas meter
• How it works
• Principle of operation
• Types of gas meters
• Models of gas meters
• Electronic gas meter
• Mechanical
• Membrane
• Vortex
• Turbine
• Rotary
• Diaphragm Gas Meters
• Street
• How to choose a gas meter
• For a private home
• To the apartment

The easiest mineral to use is gas. This blue fuel is used in our homes for cooking, heating water, and heating. The consumption control in the apartment is controlled by a household gas meter, which by its design can be electronic or mechanical. There are several basic control methods on the basis of which these measuring devices are created. They are used in everyday life, utilities, industrial enterprises. Their models are designed for different flow rates, pipe diameters.

What is a gas meter

The device for monitoring the consumption of blue fuel is called a gas meter. It is connected to the gas main (pipe) in the house or apartment supplying outside the premises, or inside it. Using different methods for determining the speed of a gaseous substance passing through it, it determines the volume of gas consumed. This value, converted into cubic meters, we see on the instrument panel. In electronic flow meters, liquid crystal displays are used, in mechanical – a mechanical counter, which has red divisions showing fractional parts of a cubic meter.

How it works

A gas flow meter consists of three main parts: a sealed enclosure, a measuring transducer, and a counting device. The measuring mechanism is the main element, and the principle of converting the flow into a mechanical or electrical impact on the counting device determines the type of device. Mechanical transducers use different properties of gases to move the lever acting on the meter. Electronic sensors convert the properties of the flow into an electrical impulse, which increases the readings on the display.

Principle of operation

The transmitter utilizes the physical properties of a gaseous stream. According to the principle of its work, several types of counters are distinguished:

1. Membrane or diaphragm – alternately fills two measuring chambers separated by a membrane. Each camera has a fixed volume. The inlet and outlet valves are asymmetrically synchronized and alternately let in and out gas. The movements of the membrane are converted by the lever into a turn of the drive of the counting device, which shows the amount of fuel passed through the device.
2. Rotary gas meter – uses gas pressure in special tanks to drive two eight-shaped shafts (rotors), one of which is connected to the drive of the counting mechanism. The counter converts the number of revolutions to the volume of fuel. The advantage is low pressure operation.
3. The turbine principle is based on measuring the flow velocity by counting the number of revolutions of the turbines that rotate under flow pressure. Such metering devices are used only at utilities and industrial enterprises to account for large volumes..
4. The vortex flowmeter uses the dependence of the frequency of pressure fluctuations that occur after giving the jet a gaseous substance in a vortex shape. The mechanism for accounting for these fluctuations is complex, requires the use of sophisticated microprocessor technology, so such devices are expensive and are used only at large gas distribution enterprises.

Types of gas meters

The main characteristic that separates gas flow meters into two types is their throughput or the volume of gas that can pass through the meter in 1 hour. According to this indicator, they are divided into:

1. Household – this is the most common type with a throughput of up to 12 cubic meters / h. For them, the membrane, diaphragm and rotational measurement principles are used.
2. Industrial – all flow meters with a throughput above 12 cubic meters per hour. Up to a value of 200 m3 / h, rotary transducers are mainly used, above this indicator – turbine, vortex.

Models of gas meters

When purchasing a gas meter, you need to clearly understand how much you will consume – the type of device you need and its price depends on this. Gas distribution companies in different cities recommend the use of certain models. This is due to the established at these enterprises verification and repair of such devices, the availability of spare parts, and the qualifications of personnel. Therefore, it is worth asking the gas service where to buy a gas meter, acceptable models and brands of gas equipment.

You can buy household gas meters in hardware stores or construction supermarkets in Moscow, St. Petersburg, and other cities of Russia. For active users of the Internet, you can find out how much a gas meter costs in numerous online stores. Without leaving your home, you can easily select a model from the photo, and then order. On stocks, on sales, with discounts, making a purchase is more profitable. Delivery of all goods is carried out by courier services or cheaper – by mail.

Electronic gas meter

To measure gas consumption in apartments with central heating and hot water supply, a flow meter designed for its small flow is required. The presented small-sized version of such an electronic type device is designed to measure flow up to 1.6 m3 / h (gas stove):

• model name: Grand 1.6;
• price: 2 454 rubles;
• characteristics: materials – aluminum alloy, plastic, length – 145 mm, width – 86 mm, height – 83 mm, weight – 0.7 kg, operating temperature – from -10 ° C to + 50 ° C, maximum flow – 1, 6 m? / H, the calibration period is 12 years;
• pluses: it is connected in horizontal and vertical position;
• cons: not marked.

Modern measuring instruments have a liquid crystal indicator and high measurement accuracy. The presented gas flow meter has an indirect measurement method, in which the flow rate affects the frequency of self-oscillations created by the jet self-oscillator:

• model name: SGM-1,6;
• price: 2 500 r .;
• characteristics: maximum consumption – 1.6 m? / h, maximum pressure – 5 kPa, medium temperature – from -10 ° C to + 50 ° C, power supply voltage – 3.6 V, dimensions – length 110 mm, width 84 cm;
• pluses: measurement limit – 99999,999 cubic meters;
• cons: not marked.

Mechanical

Mechanical flow meters use different metering drive systems. The presented version of OJSC “NZGA” (Belarus) is designed to measure the flow rate in residential buildings and utilities:

• model name: SGMN-1 G6;
• price: 3 300 r .;
• characteristics: maximum flow – 10 m? / h, temperature from -40 ° C to + 50 ° C, dimensions – 306x165x223 mm, calibration period – 8 years, weight – 3.8 kg;
• pluses: does not require welding during installation;
• cons: large dimensions.

The advantage of mechanical measuring devices is the simplicity of design, they do not require additional acquisition of batteries. The proposed version of TM ELSTER Gazelektronika (Russia) is designed to measure the flow of propane, butane, liquefied gas:

• model name: BK-G4T;
• price: 4 800 r.;
• characteristics: maximum consumption – 6 m? / h, maximum pressure – 50 kPa, temperature from -40 to + 50 ° C, dimensions – 334x215x323 mm, thread size of fittings – G1, center distance – 110 mm;
• pluses: high reliability;
• cons: expensive.

Membrane

The most common gas meters for domestic use are membrane flow meters. The Belarusian manufacturer of the joint venture BEMKROMGAZ offers a flowmeter with high reliability and a 2-year warranty:

• model name: Berestye G6 (G6);
• price: 4,500 r .;
• characteristics: measurement range – from 0.06 to 10 m? / h, warranty period – 2 years from the date of commissioning, calibration period – 8 years;
• pluses: there are modifications in the right and left execution;
• cons: not marked.

The membrane type is the simplest and most reliable. The Russian manufacturer LLC ELSTER Gazelektronika (Arzamas) produces them under a license from Krom Schroder (Germany):

• model name: VK-G 2.5 KromSchroder;
• price: 980 r.;
• characteristics: maximum flow – 2.5 m? / h, temperature from -40 to + 50 ° С, weight – 1.9 kg, calibration period – 10 years, dimensions – 195x212x155 cm;
• pluses: exists in the right and left execution;
• cons: not marked.

Vortex

For industrial applications in gas boiler houses, technological installations, furnaces, metallurgical units, flow meters are used on a vortex principle of measurement. The METRAN company (Russia) offers a wide range of flowmeters of this type:

• model name: Metran-331;
• price: 30 000 r .;
• characteristics: weight – from 6 to 9.7 kg, calibration period – 3 years, measurement range – from 1 to 30 m? / h;
• pluses: the ability to choose a complete set to fit your requirements;
• cons: expensive.

The ultrasonic flow meter measures the difference in the travel time of the ultrasonic pulses in the direction of flow and against it. The Russian company Irvis manufactures industrial measuring devices, the advantages of which are the stability of metrological characteristics, ease of installation:

• model name: IRVIS-RS4;
• price: 120 000 r .;
• characteristics: range – from 0.5 m? / h to 230 m? / h, pressure – from 0.05 to 1.6 MPa, temperature – from -40 to + 45 ° С, power supply – 220 V, 50 Hz, explosion protection – 1ExibIICT4X, intertesting period – 2 years;
• pluses: high accuracy of measurements;
• cons: expensive.

Turbine

Turbine meters are designed to measure the flow of purified non-aggressive gases (natural, air, nitrogen, argon, etc.) at industrial and municipal enterprises. Elster company produces such models of flow meters for commercial accounting:

• model name: TRZ;
• price: 42 000 r .;
• characteristics: elements – hermetic housing, measuring transducer, turbine wheels, calibration period – 10 years, range from 13 m? / h to 25 000 m? / h;
• pluses: measuring transducer company ELSTER (Germany);
• cons: high cost.

To measure the volume of smoothly changing flows and accounting for commercial operations in industry, turbine flow meters are used. The company ETALONPRIBOR produces devices for the following purposes:

• model name: SG-16MT-800-2 Du 150;
• price: 87 750 r .;
• characteristics: operating temperature range – from -30 to + 50 ° С, intertesting period – 5 years, maximum flow – 800 m? / h, maximum pressure – 1.6 MPa, weight – 35 kg;
• pluses: the ability to order instrument sizes for any diameter of the gas pipe;
• cons: high price.

Rotary

Based on the volumetric principle of measurements, the rotary counter provides the ability to control any gaseous substances. Delta control devices are designed for commercial gas metering with a flow of up to 1000 m3 / h:

• model name: DELTA CYBLE_SENSOR_ATEX V2;
• price: 65 000 r .;
• characteristics: range – from 0.4 to 1000 m? / h in pipelines with DN from 40 to 150 mm, flanges – ISO PN10-ISO PN110, ANSI125-ANSI600;
• Pros: accounting for reverse flow;
• cons: expensive.

The principle of operation of measuring systems based on rotary flow sensors is based on the simultaneous measurement of volume, pressure and temperature of blue fuel, taking into account its compressibility. The SG-EC complex of the Saratov company CISK is used at gas distribution points, oil refining, petrochemical industry facilities:

• model name: SG-EKVz-R;
• price: 117 000 r .;
• characteristics: range – from 10 m? / h to 25000 m? / h, temperature range from -20 to + 50 ° C, maximum pressure – 1.6 MPa;
• pluses: has an explosion-proof design, explosion protection marking – 1ExibIIBT;
• cons: high cost.

Diaphragm Gas Meters

Diaphragm type mechanical flow meters are installed in residential buildings or apartments for gas metering. Long service life, high sensitivity characterizes BOGO devices (South Korea):

• model name: KG-6 (G4);
• price: 3,500 p.;
• characteristics: maximum flow – 6 m? / h, maximum pressure – 10 kPa, maximum indication – 99.999 m? / h, ambient temperature – from -40 to + 60 ° C, thread sizes of fittings – RT 3/4 “(20mm ), weight – 1.91 kg, center distance – 130 mm, dimensions – 23.3 x 16.5 x 13.4 cm;
• Pros: accurate measurement of even a small volume;
• cons: not marked.

The volume of gas depends on its temperature; therefore, for accuracy of measurements, orifice meters are equipped with temperature sensors. The device manufactured by Belarusian manufacturers is equipped with a temperature compensator:

• model name: SGD-3T G6 diaphragm;
• price: 44 500 r .;
• characteristics: maximum flow – 10 m? / h, working pressure max – 60 kPa, working temperature from -40 ° C to + 50 ° C, service life 20 years, overall dimensions – 310x185x245 mm, weight – 4.3 kg;
• pluses: intertesting period – 8 years;
• cons: not marked.

Street

For outdoor installation and work in different weather conditions, reliable measuring instruments with the protection of nodes from the effects of precipitation are required. Elster diaphragm flowmeter with mechanical temperature corrector is used in everyday life and in enterprises of various industries:

• model name: Elster VK-G4T (street) with a film;
• price: 11 000 r .;
• characteristics: nominal flow – 4 m? / h, maximum flow – 6 m? / h, calibration period – 10 years;
• pluses: bimetal temperature compensation;
• cons: expensive.

Utility and industrial enterprises have increased requirements for accuracy of accounting. The presented flowmeter is able to provide high accuracy when working in all regions of the country:

• model name: BK-G10 T (Street);
• price: 26 970 r.;
• characteristics: maximum flow – 16 m? / h, pressure – up to 50 kPa, center distance – 250 mm, working temperature – from – 30 to + 50 ° C, dimensions – 334x215x323 mm, weight – 5.7 kg;
• pluses: service life 24 years;
• cons: high cost.

How to choose a gas meter

The main source data when choosing a gas meter are:

• Throughput. It should be higher than the gas consumption by all consumer devices. Household four-burner stoves, gas water heaters consume no more than 2.5 cubic meters / h, therefore, for an apartment with a stove and a column, a meter with a throughput above 5 cubic meters is suitable. m / h.
• The direction of flow in the pipe. This indicator should correspond to the flow direction of the meter. It is advisable to purchase devices with an electronic corrector – a device that takes into account temperature and other atmospheric effects on the measurement accuracy.
• Gas meter price, installation costs.
• The total period of operation. Good options – for a period of 15-20 years.
• Intertesting period. The best samples of household appliances have this indicator for at least 10 years.

For a private home

It is especially necessary to carefully consider the purchase, choosing a gas meter for a private house. The main unit will be a gas boiler. It is necessary to take into account its maximum consumption in the coldest periods. To this value it is necessary to add the consumption of a water heating device, gas stove. The nominal indicator of the flow meter should be higher than the sum of all consumers by 30-50%. An important point is the installation location of the flowmeter. If it is necessary to place it on the street, street models with a filter and a temperature corrector are required.

To the apartment

When choosing a gas meter for an apartment, determine your peak gas consumption. If you have central heating, there will be less consumption for the volume of consumption of the boiler. Devices that work with noise, it is better to put in the pantry, compact electronic flowmeters are suitable for the kitchen. An electronic meter is more accurate, but also more expensive. If you want to save money, choose mechanical flowmeters. The lower the cost of a gas meter for an apartment, the greater they allow a measurement error, which will have to be overpaid.